纳米SiO2和纳米Ag对水泥基材料力学性能 和压敏性能的影响
Influence of nano-SiO2 and nano-Ag on mechanical properties and piezoresistivity of cement-based materials
关键词：
自感知水泥基材料；纳米SiO2；纳米Ag；力学性能；压敏性能；稳定性；应力环境
Key words：
Self-sensing cement-based material; Nano-SiO2; Nano-Ag; Mechanical property; Piezoresistivity; Stability; Stress environment
刊期：
2026年第1期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25010030
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金项目（52178149）。
作者：
朱玉胜1，姜锦磊2，孙 敏1，*，方有珍1
单位：
1.苏州科技大学 土木工程学院，江苏 苏州 215009；2.中济通设计集团有限公司，江苏 苏州 215128
摘要
摘 要：研究了纳米SiO2掺量（0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%）对水泥基材料力学性能的影响，优选出了最佳掺量。在此基础上，进一步通过掺入纳米Ag设计制备了自感知水泥基材料，研究了其在不同应力环境（等幅值循环加载、变幅值循环加载）下的压敏性能。结果表明：随着纳米SiO2掺量的增加，试件的28 d抗折、抗压强度均先增大后减小，最佳掺量为1.0%；在等幅值循环加载工况下，试件的电阻率变化率表现为稳定的周期性波动趋势，且电阻率变化率与外力之间具有高度线性相关性，说明该水泥基材料在动态应力条件下具有优异的压敏性能和长期稳定性；在变幅值循环加载工况下，试件的电阻率变化率波动范围为-50%~-10%，其中，试件在高幅值阶段的导电网络虽然发生了重组和变化，但仍保持良好的周期性和完整性。
Abstract: The influence of nano-SiO2 content (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) on the mechanical properties of cement-based materials was studied, and the optimal content was selected. On this basis, self-sensing cement-based materials were further designed and prepared by incorporating nano-Ag, and the piezoresistivity was studied under different stress environments (isoamplitude cyclic loading, varying amplitude cyclic loading). The results show that with the increase of nano-SiO2 content, the 28 d flexural strength and compressive strength of the specimens first increase and then decrease, and the optimal content is 1.0%. Under isoamplitude cyclic loading conditions, the resistivity change rate of the specimen exhibits a stable periodic fluctuation trend, and there is a high linear correlation between the resistivity change rate and external stress, indicating that the cement-based material has excellent piezoresistivity and long-term stability under dynamic stress conditions. Under the varying amplitude cyclic loading conditions, the fluctuation range of the resistivity change rate of the specimen is -50%~-10%. Among which, although the conductive network of the specimen undergoes reorganization and changes in the high amplitude stage, it still maintains good periodicity and integrity.
结论
（1）随着纳米SiO2掺量的增加，水泥基材料的28 d抗折强度和抗压强度均呈先升高后降低的趋势，纳米SiO2的最佳掺量为1.0%。
（2）等幅值循环加载下，混掺纳米SiO2与纳米Ag的水泥基材料展现出稳定的电阻率变化率周期性波动趋势，波动范围基本在-25%~0之间，且电阻率变化率与外力之间具有高度线性相关性。
（3）变幅值循环加载下，在低幅值阶段（2~6 kN），混掺纳米SiO2与纳米Ag的水泥基材料表现出稳定的线性响应；在高幅值阶段（10~16 kN），尽管导电网络发生显著重组，但水泥基材料仍保持良好的周期性与结构完整性。
（4）纳米Ag通过隧穿效应提供高效的导电路径，纳米SiO2通过填充孔隙增强水泥基材料的密实性与抗疲劳性能，二者的协同作用显著提升了水泥基材料的导电性能与抗疲劳性能，确保了水泥基材料在更高应力环境下具有灵敏的压敏响应与长期稳定性，为动态载荷监测提供了可靠支撑。
参考文献
[1] 李惠,欧进萍.智能混凝土与结构[J].工程力学,2007(增刊2):45-61.
[2] DONG W K,LI W G,GUO Y P,et al.Application of intrinsic self-sensing cement-based sensor for traffic detection of human motion and vehicle speed[J].Construction and Building Materials,2022,355:129130.
[3] CHUNG D D L.A critical review of electrical-resistance-based self-sensing in conductive cement-based materials[J].Carbon,2023,203:311-325.
[4] 范杰,李庚英,王中坤.聚乙烯醇/碳纳米管复合强化水泥砂浆的力学性能及压敏性[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2019(3):1-5.
[5] 丁思齐,韩宝国,欧进萍.本征自感知混凝土及其智能结构[J].工程力学,2022,39(3):1-10.
[6] WANG X Y,DING S Q,NI Y Q,et al.Intrinsic self-sensing concrete to energize infrastructure intelligence and resilience: A review[J].Journal of Infrastructure Intelligence and Resilience,2024,3(2):100094.
[7] SANCHEZ F,INCE C.Microstructure and macroscopic properties of hybrid carbon nanofiber/silica fume cement composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2009,69(7):1310-1318.
[8] SUN S W,DING S Q,HAN B G,et al.Multi-layer graphene-engineered cementitious composites with multifunctionality/intelligence[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,129:221-232.
[9] WANG D Y,DONG S F,WANG X Y,et al.Sensing performances of hybrid steel wires and fibers reinforced ultra-high performance concrete for in-situ monitoring of infrastructures[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2022,58:105022.
[10] 朱浩然,孙敏.纳米银与改性碳纳米管自感知水泥基在多种加载制度下的压敏性分析[J].工程科学与技术,2025,57(2):246-255.
[11] 管申.纳米材料对水泥基材料水化和性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2018.
[12] 戎贤,刘静杰,陈庞,等.纳米二氧化硅对海砂碱矿渣砂浆高温力学性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2024,52(2):652-660.
[13] LIU X Y,CHEN L,LIU A H,et al.Effect of nano-CaCO3 on properties of cement paste[J].Energy Procedia,2012,16:991-996.
[14] KHOSHAKHLAGH A,NAZARI A,KHALAJ G.Effects of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on water permeability and strength assessments of high strength self-compacting concrete[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2012,28(1):73-82.
[15] ABDALLA J A,THOMAS B S,HAWILEH R A,et al.Influence of nano-TiO2 , nano-Fe2O3 , nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 on the properties of cement/geopolymer concrete[J].Cleaner Materials,2022,4:100061.
[16] LIU H,LIU J H,WANG S A,et al.Effects of silver nano-particles and nano-wires on properties of electrically conductive adhesives[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2022,135:114571.
[17] 刘金涛,黄存旺,杨杨,等.三维石墨烯-碳纳米管/水泥净浆的压敏性能[J].复合材料学报,2022,39(1):313-321.
[18] 邱子帅.硅灰、纳米二氧化硅对不同骨料砂浆强度的影响研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2018.
[19] 张琰,李相国,程永锋,等.基于纳米二氧化硅和碳纳米管耦合的水泥基材料性能研究[J].材料导报,2017,31(增刊2):410-412,427.
[20] 蒋志君,席晓莹.纳米二氧化硅对硅灰复合硬化水泥浆力学性能的影响[J].当代化工,2022,51(8):1978-1983.
[21] 吕梦圆.纳米二氧化硅与纤维改性水泥基复合材料的强韧化研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2024.
[22] 佟钰,闫海敏,王昭宁,等.纳米二氧化硅粒径对水泥砂浆抗压强度及抗氯离子渗透性能的影响[J].中国粉体技术,2022,28(5):11-16.
[23] VIPULANANDAN C,MOHAMMED A.Smart cement compressive piezoresistive, stress-strain, and strength behavior with nanosilica modification[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2019,47(2):1479-1501.
[24] 孙敏,朱浩然,庄伟.温度和湿度对P-CNT自感知混凝土压敏性的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2024,52(3):72-78.
[25] 赵胜.纳米SiO2分散性对水泥基材料力学性能和耐久性的影响研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2024.
[26] 张驰宇,孙敏.碳纳米管智能传感器压敏性能研究[J].苏州科技大学学报(工程技术版),2024,37(4):53-58.
引用本文
朱玉胜,姜锦磊,孙敏,等.纳米SiO2和纳米Ag对水泥基材料力学性能和压敏性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026(1):24-28,36.
ZHU Y S,JIANG J L,SUN M,et al.Influence of nano-SiO2 and nano-Ag on mechanical properties and piezoresistivity of cement-based materials[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026(1):24-28,36.
上一个： 盐渍土环境下玄武岩纤维混凝土（BFRC）的性能劣化规律与机理研究
下一个： 基于最紧密堆积理论和全计算法的UHPC配合比优化设计及性能研究
相关文件