水泥基超级电容器的制备与电学性能研究
Preparation and electrical performance study of the cement-based supercapacitors
关键词：
炭黑；水泥基超级电容器；循环伏安曲线；阻抗曲线；自放电曲线；电学性能
Key words：
Carbon black; Cement-based supercapacitor; Cyclic voltammetry curve; Impedance curve; Self discharge curve; Electrical property
刊期：
2025年第12期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.2025.12.078.05
文章编号：
基金项目：
上海建工集团重点科研计划项目（22JCYJ-02）。
作者：
潘 瑞，朱敏涛*
单位：
上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司，上海 200086
摘要
摘 要：以炭黑水泥基材料制备电极层、电解质层，铜箔为集流体，聚丙烯为隔膜，设计制备了一种水泥基超级电容器，通过循环伏安曲线、阻抗曲线、放电曲线、自放电曲线研究了其电学性能。结果表明：水泥基超级电容器的面积比电容为10.24 mF/cm2，体积能量密度为246 mWh/L，放电时间大于7 d，内阻为23 Ω；在1 h的开路贮存时间内，超级电容器的能量损失为19%；在48 h的开路贮存时间内，超级电容器的能量损失为65%；水泥基超级电容器是双电层电容器，可进行重复充放电，以期实现建筑结构储能一体化。
Abstract: A cement-based supercapacitor was designed and prepared using carbon black cement-based material for electrode layer and electrolyte layer, copper foil as current collector, and polypropylene as separator. Its electrical properties were studied through cyclic voltammetry curve, impedance curve, discharge curve, and self discharge curve. The results show that the area specific capacitance of cement-based supercapacitors is 10.24 mF/cm2, the volumetric energy density is 246 mWh/L, the discharge time is greater than 7 d, and the internal resistance is 23 Ω. Within 1 h of open circuit storage time, the energy loss of the supercapacitor is 19%, and within 48 h of open circuit storage time, the energy loss of the supercapacitor is 65%. Cement-based supercapacitors are double-layer capacitors that can be repeatedly charged and discharged to achieve integrated energy storage in building structures.
结论
（1）水泥基超级电容器的循环伏安曲线呈近似矩形，表现出典型的双电层电容特性，具备良好的可逆性。该水泥基超级电容器的面积比电容为10.24 mF/cm2，体积能量密度为246 mWh/L，放电时间大于7 d，内阻为23 Ω，在1 h的开路贮存时间内，超级电容器的能量损失为19%，在48 h的开路贮存时间内，超级电容器的能量损失为65%。
（2）本文制备的水泥基超级电容器尽管自放电速率及电阻较高，但实现了超过7 d的持续放电能力，其在低功率、对能量保持时间要求适中的供能场景中（如建筑夜间照明、传感器供电、应急指示系统等）具有良好的应用潜力。未来的研究中，可考虑在电解质层厚度不变的情况下增大电极面积来降低内阻，提高水泥基超级电容器的储能密度，降低内阻产生的能量损耗，通过优化结构、制备工艺提升能量密度、抑制自放电，整体性地提高水泥基超级电容器的应用潜力，为智慧城市“双碳”目标提供新的解决方案。
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引用本文
潘瑞,朱敏涛.水泥基超级电容器的制备与电学性能研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2025(12):78-82.
PAN R,ZHU M T.Preparation and electrical performance study of the cement-based supercapacitors[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2025(12):78-82.
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