Sol-gel法制备铝硅复合微胶囊及其对水泥基材料性能的影响
Preparation of aluminum silicon composite microcapsules by sol-gel method and its effect on the properties of cement-based materials
关键词：
硫酸铝；正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）；微胶囊；sol-gel法；粒径
Key words：
Aluminum sulfate; Tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS); Microcapsules; Sol-gel method; Particle size
刊期：
2026年第2期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25010013
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFB3711400）；国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目（U25A20346）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20221199）；南京市科技计划项目（202401033）。
作者：
吴庆勇，赵 爽，韩 斌，王 伟，杜 爽，陈俊松，曾鲁平
单位：
重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室 江苏苏博特新材料股份有限公司，江苏 南京 211103
摘要
摘 要：以硫酸铝溶液为芯材，正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体，在催化剂条件下，采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法制备了铝硅复合微胶囊，并优选了构筑条件，分析了微胶囊的微观结构，与硫酸铝粉体在水泥基材料中的应用效果进行了对比。结果表明：最佳构筑条件为芯材与溶剂质量比为1∶5，芯材与TEOS质量比为1∶1.5，反应温度为30 ℃，反应时间为90 min，分散效率为350 r/min-100 Hz，催化剂为浓度4%的氨水；在最优构筑条件下，微胶囊主要由纳米SiO2和硫酸铝组成，其粒径分布较均匀，形状较好，整体分散性较好；水泥基材料中适量掺入微胶囊可在保持较好流动性的基础上缩短凝结时间，提高抗压强度。
Abstract: Using aluminum sulfate solution as the core material, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor, aluminum silicon composite microcapsules were prepared by sol-gel method under the condition of catalyst. The construction conditions were optimized. The microstructure of the microcapsules was analyzed, and their application performance in cement-based materials was compared with that of aluminum sulfate powder. The results show that the optimal construction conditions are as follows: mass ratio of core material to solvent is 1∶5, mass ratio of core material to TEOS is 1∶1.5, reaction temperature is 30 ℃, reaction time is 90 min, dispersion efficiency is 350 r/min-100 Hz, and catalyst is 4% concentration of ammonia water. Under optimal construction conditions, microcapsules are mainly composed of nano-SiO2 and aluminum sulfate, with a relatively uniform particle size distribution, good shape, and overall good dispersion. Moderate addition of microcapsules in cement-based materials can shorten the setting time and improve compressive strength while maintaining good fluidity. The research results can provide reference for the preparation and application of aluminum silicon composite microcapsules, and provide new ideas for time-varying control of cement-based materials (such as shotcrete) that need to maintain good fluidity and shorten setting time.
结论
（1）本文铝硅复合微胶囊的最佳构筑条件为：芯材与溶剂质量比为1∶5，芯材与TEOS质量比为1∶1.5，反应温度为30 ℃，反应时间为90 min，分散效率为350 r/min-100 Hz，催化剂为浓度4%的氨水；在最优构筑条件下，微胶囊主要由纳米SiO2和硫酸铝组成，其粒径分布较均匀，形状较好，整体分散性较好。水泥基材料中适量掺入微胶囊可在保持较好流动性的基础上缩短凝结时间，提高抗压强度。
（2）本文通过调控微胶囊结构参数实现了铝硅促凝粒子在水泥中的可控释放，为需保持较好流动性且缩短凝结时间的水泥基材料（如喷射混凝土）时变调控提供了新思路。
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引用本文
吴庆勇,赵爽,韩斌,等.Sol-gel法制备铝硅复合微胶囊及其对水泥基材料性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026(2):15-21.
WU Q Y,ZHAO S,HAN B,et al.Preparation of aluminum silicon composite microcapsules by sol-gel method and its effect on the properties of cement-based materials[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026(2):15-21.
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