高原低气压环境下铜尾矿粉对混凝土水化及性能的影响
Effects of copper tailings powder on the hydration and properties of concrete under plateau low atmospheric pressure environment
关键词：
混凝土；铜尾矿粉；高原低气压环境；水化；力学性能；抗氯离子渗透性能；抗碳化性能；抗冻性能；微观结构
Key words：
Concrete; Copper tailings powder; Plateau low atmospheric pressure environment; Hydration; Mechanical property; Chloride ion penetration resistance; Carbonation resistance; Frost resistance; Microstructure
刊期：
2026年第4期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.24110621
文章编号：
基金项目：
中国中冶重大研发项目（CBN2022Kt01）。
作者：
杜渊博1，2，吴志刚1，2，3，刘 伟1，杨雪超1，王雪敏1，韩宇栋1，2
单位：
1.天津冶建特种材料有限公司，天津 301914；2.中冶建筑研究院有限公司，北京 100089；3.天津大学，天津 300354
摘要
高原特殊环境会对混凝土的水化反应过程及性能产生显著影响。为探究铜尾矿粉掺量与高原低气压环境对混凝土水化特性、力学及耐久性能的影响，在常压与高原低气压环境下开展水化放热、抗压强度、电通量、碳化及冻融试验。结果表明：在两种环境下，随着铜尾矿粉掺量的增加，胶凝材料体系第二水化放热峰峰值、水化放热量逐渐降低，峰位出现时间基本不变；混凝土各龄期抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化及抗冻性能均呈先提升后下降趋势，当铜尾矿粉掺量为10%时，混凝土的各项性能最优；在相同龄期与铜尾矿粉掺量下，相较于常压环境，高原低气压环境下混凝土28 d、90 d抗压强度均较低，抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化及抗冻性能明显下降。研究成果可为高原环境下铜尾矿粉混凝土的工程应用提供试验依据与理论参考。
The special plateau environment has a significant impact on the hydration process and performance of concrete. To investigate the effects of copper tailings powder content and plateau low atmospheric pressure environment on the hydration characteristics, mechanical properties and durability of concrete, tests of hydration heat, compressive strength, electric flux, carbonation and freeze-thaw were conducted under normal atmospheric pressure and plateau low atmospheric pressure environments. The results show that with the increase of copper tailings powder content, the peak value of the second hydration exothermic peak and the total hydration heat of the cementitious material system decrease gradually, while the occurrence time of the peak remains basically unchanged under both environments. The compressive strength at all ages, chloride ion penetration resistance, carbonation resistance and frost resistance of concrete first increase and then decrease, and all properties reach the optimum when the copper tailings powder content is 10%. At the same curing age and copper tailings powder content, compared with normal atmospheric environment, the 28 d and 90 d compressive strengths of concrete under plateau low atmospheric pressure are lower, and its chloride ion penetration resistance, carbonation resistance and frost resistance decrease significantly. The research results can provide experimental basis and theoretical reference for the engineering application of concrete mixed with copper tailings powder in plateau environments.
结论
（1）在常压和高原低气压环境下，随着铜尾矿粉掺量的增加，胶凝材料体系第二水化放热峰峰值逐渐降低，峰位出现时间基本保持不变，水化放热量逐渐降低；高原低气压环境对胶凝材料体系的水化放热量与水化放热速率无明显影响。
（2）在常压和高原低气压环境下，随着铜尾矿粉掺量的增加，混凝土各龄期抗压强度均先增后降，当铜尾矿粉掺量为10%时，混凝土的7、28、90 d抗压强度均最高；在相同养护龄期及铜尾矿粉掺量下，高原低气压环境下混凝土的28 d、90 d抗压强度均低于常压环境下混凝土相应龄期的抗压强度。
（3）在常压环境和高原低气压环境下，随着铜尾矿粉掺量的增加，混凝土电通量、各龄期碳化深度均先减小后增大，质量变化率绝对值基本先降后增，相对动弹性模量先增后降；当铜尾矿粉掺量为10%时，混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能最好。
（4）相较于常压环境，高原低气压环境下混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能均降低，这主要归因于高原低气压环境劣化了混凝土的微观结构。
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引用本文
杜渊博,吴志刚,刘伟,等.高原低气压环境下铜尾矿粉对混凝土水化及性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(4):68-73,80. DU Y B,WU Z G,LIU W,et al.Effects of copper tailings powder on the hydration and properties of concrete under plateau low atmospheric pressure environment[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(4):68-73,80 (in Chinese).
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