PE-PVA混杂纤维工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）性能研究
Performance study of PE-PVA hybrid fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC)
关键词：
混杂纤维；工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）；力学性能；干燥收缩；微观形貌；孔结构
Key words：
Hybrid fiber; Engineered cementitious composite (ECC); Mechanical property; Drying shrinkage; Microscopic morphology; Pore structure
刊期：
2026年第7期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.24110589
文章编号：
基金项目：
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（22ZY1QA005）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2022BEG02056）；国家自然科学基金项目（52468034）；甘肃省自然科学基金项目（24JRRA233）。
作者：
王有佳1，张利维2，孙海博1，赵 栋1，刘志斌1，于本田1，*
单位：
1．兰州交通大学 土木工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；2.宁夏公路管理中心，宁夏 银川 750011
摘要
摘 要：为了进一步提升传统聚乙烯醇（Polyvinyl alcohol，PVA）单一纤维体系工程水泥基复合材料（Engineered cementitious composites，ECC）的综合性能，并降低制备成本，本文采用国产聚乙烯（Polyethylene，以下简称PE）纤维部分替代进口PVA纤维制备了低成本ECC，并研究了其力学性能、孔结构、微观形貌和干燥收缩性能。结果表明：PE-PVA混杂纤维ECC具备优异的应变硬化与多缝开裂特征，极限拉应变大于3%；随着PE纤维掺量的增加，ECC的极限拉应变、峰值拉应力和抗折强度均呈先增后减的趋势，最佳掺量为30%；PE纤维的掺入对ECC的抗压强度无显著负面影响；PE纤维主要影响ECC中孔径在100 nm以下的少害孔和无害孔结构；试件的孔隙率随着PE纤维掺量的增加而增大；SEM结果表明，两种纤维混掺可发挥正向混杂效应；掺入PE纤维能有效降低ECC的干燥收缩值，改善体积稳定性。研究成果可为低成本、高耐久混杂纤维ECC的设计提供参考。
Abstract: To further improve the comprehensive performance of conventional engineered cementitious composites (ECC) reinforced solely with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and reduce the production cost, low-cost ECC specimens were fabricated by partially replacing imported PVA fibers with domestically produced polyethylene (PE) fibers in this study. The mechanical properties, pore structure, microscopic morphology and drying shrinkage performance of the low-cost ECC specimens were investigated. The results show that PE-PVA hybrid fiber-reinforced ECC exhibits remarkable strain-hardening behavior and multiple-cracking characteristics, with the ultimate tensile strain exceeding 3%. With the increase of PE fiber content, the ultimate tensile strain, peak tensile stress, and flexural strength of ECC show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the optimal content is 30%. The incorporation of PE fibers exerts no significant adverse effect on the compressive strength of ECC. PE fibers mainly affect the less harmful and harmless pores with diameters below 100 nm inside ECC, and the porosity of the specimens increases with increasing PE fiber content. SEM results indicate that the hybrid addition of the two types of fibers can produce a positive hybrid effect. The addition of PE fibers can effectively reduce the drying shrinkage value and improve the volume stability of ECC. The findings can provide a reference for the design of low-cost and high-durability hybrid fiber-reinforced ECC.
结论
（1）用国产PE纤维部分代替进口PVA纤维制备的ECC表现出了良好的应变硬化和多缝开裂特征，且极限拉应变超过了3%；随着PE纤维掺量的增加，试件的极限拉应变、峰值拉应力和抗折强度均呈先增大后减小的趋势，且当PE纤维掺量为30%时，抗拉和抗折性能达到最优，但PE纤维的掺入对ECC的抗压强度影响不大。
（2）掺入PE纤维后，ECC中孔径在100 nm以下的少害孔变化较大，其他孔径的孔变化相对较小；随着PE纤维掺量的增加，ECC的孔隙率呈逐渐增大的趋势。
（3）PE-PVA混杂纤维ECC中的纤维破坏形态主要为拔出破坏、拉断破坏，适量混掺两种不同性质的PE纤维和PVA纤维，能有效发挥正向混杂效应。
（4）掺入PE纤维能够降低ECC的干燥收缩值，改善ECC的体积稳定性。
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引用本文
王有佳,张利维,孙海博,等.PE-PVA混杂纤维工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)性能研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(7):57-62,69. Wang Youjia,Zhang Liwei,Sun Haibo,et al.Performance study of PE-PVA hybrid fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC)[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(7):57-62,69 (in Chinese).
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