石灰石粉掺量与细度对水泥基材料水化特性及力学性能的影响
Effects of content and fineness of limestone powder on hydration characteristics and mechanical properties of cement-based materials
关键词：
石灰石粉；掺量；细度；比表面积；水化热；胶凝体系；混凝土；抗压强度
Key words：
Limestone powder; Content; Fineness; Specific surface area; Hydration heat; Cementitious system; Concrete; Compressive strength
刊期：
2026年第7期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25090432
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金项目（52378244）；江苏省科技厅自然科学基金项目（BK20231293）；中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划项目（实用2023-重点-19）。
作者：
孟 可1，童建勇2，张 傲3，钟 茜4，魏 洋5，*，杨 航5
单位：
1.中铁一局集团有限公司，陕西 西安 710054；2.中铁一局集团第一建设有限公司，广东 广州 511400； 3.广西桂贺高速公路有限公司，广西 南宁 530022；4.广西桂秦公路工程有限公司，广西 南宁 530022； 5.南京林业大学 土木工程学院，江苏 南京 210037
摘要
摘 要：为明晰高掺量及不同细度下石灰石粉对水泥基材料水化热与抗压强度的作用机理，本文研究了石灰石粉掺量（0、10%、15%、20%、25%）与细度（比表面积为408、537、649 m2/kg）对胶凝体系水化热、砂浆及混凝土抗压强度的影响，并揭示了胶凝体系水化热与水泥基材料力学性能之间的关联。结果表明：随着石灰石粉掺量的增加，胶凝体系的水化放热量降低，水化诱导期缩短，第二水化放热峰峰值减小，砂浆1 d、3 d及混凝土28 d抗压强度均降低；随着石灰石粉比表面积的增大，胶凝体系水化放热量先减后增，第二放热峰出现时间先延迟后提前，第二水化放热峰峰值先降后升，砂浆1 d、3 d及混凝土28 d抗压强度均提高；胶凝体系水化放热量与砂浆早期抗压强度的相关性受石灰石粉掺量与细度共同调控；综合考虑胶凝体系水化放热特性与水泥基材料力学性能，石灰石粉的最佳掺量为20%、最佳比表面积为649 m2/kg，此时砂浆3 d 抗压强度为35.4 MPa，混凝土28 d 抗压强度为45.7 MPa。研究成果可为高掺量石灰石粉低碳水泥基材料的工程应用与性能优化提供参考。
Abstract: To clarify the mechanism of limestone powder with high content and different fineness affecting the hydration heat and compressive strength of cement-based materials, this study investigated the effects of limestone powder content (0, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) and fineness (specific surface areas of 408, 537, and 649 m2/kg) on the hydration heat of the cementitious system as well as the compressive strength of mortar and concrete, and revealed the correlation between the hydration heat of the cementitious system and the mechanical properties of cement-based materials. The results show that with the increase of limestone powder content, the hydration heat of cementitious system decreases, the hydration induction period is shortened, and the intensity of the second hydration exothermic peak decreases, accompanied by the reduction in 1-day and 3-day compressive strength of mortar and 28-day compressive strength of concrete. As the specific surface area of limestone powder increases, the hydration heat firstly decreases and then increases, the occurrence time of the second exothermic peak is delayed initially and advanced subsequently, and its peak intensity first decreases and then increases, while the 1-day and 3-day compressive strength of mortar and 28-day compressive strength of concrete are all improved. The correlation between hydration heat of the cementitious system and the early compressive strength of mortar is jointly regulated by the content and fineness of limestone powder. Considering comprehensively the hydration heat characteristics of cementitious system and mechanical properties of cement-based materials, the optimal content of limestone powder is 20% with the specific surface area of 649 m2/kg. Under this condition, the 3-day compressive strength of mortar reaches 35.4 MPa and the 28-day compressive strength of concrete is 45.7 MPa. The research findings can provide reference for the engineering application and performance optimization of low-carbon cement-based materials blended with high-content limestone powder.
结论
（1）随着石灰石粉掺量的增加，胶凝体系的水化放热量逐渐降低，水化诱导期结束时间、第二水化放热峰出现时间均提前，峰值基本降低，砂浆1 d、3 d及混凝土28 d抗压强度均呈降低趋势。
（2）随着石灰石粉比表面积的增大，胶凝体系的水化放热量先减后增，第二水化放热峰出现时间先延迟后提前，峰值先降低后增大，砂浆的1 d、3 d及混凝土28 d抗压强度均增大。
（3）胶凝材料体系水化热与水泥基材料抗压强度的关联性受石灰石粉掺量和细度的共同调控。当细度一定时，随着石灰石粉掺量的增加，体系水化放热量与砂浆早期抗压强度总体呈同步降低趋势，表现出较好的正相关性；而当石灰石粉掺量固定为20%时，随着石灰石粉比表面积的增大，体系水化放热量呈先降后升趋势，砂浆早期抗压强度持续提高，二者并非简单的线性正相关。细颗粒石灰石粉对砂浆早期强度的改善，不仅依赖于水化放热量的提升，还与其晶核效应、填充效应及颗粒级配优化作用密切相关。
（4）综合考虑胶凝体系的水化热特性与水泥基材料的力学性能，石灰石粉的最佳掺量为20%，最佳比表面积为649 m2/kg。此时，砂浆3 d抗压强度为35.4 MPa，混凝土28 d抗压强度为45.7 MPa，力学性能表现优异。磨细石灰石粉发挥晶核效应与填充作用，可使水泥基材料的抗压强度达到与基准组相当的水平，在保证力学性能的同时，实现固废资源化利用与材料高性能化协同统一。
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引用本文
孟可,童建勇,张傲,等.石灰石粉掺量与细度对水泥基材料水化特性及力学性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(7):93-99. Meng Ke,Tong Jianyong,Zhang Ao,et al.Effects of content and fineness of limestone powder on hydration characteristics and mechanical properties of cement-based materials[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(7):93-99 (in Chinese).
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