西北地区特殊环境下混凝土性能演变规律试验研究
Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of concrete properties under special environmental conditions in northwestern China
关键词：
西北地区；混凝土；力学性能；耐久性能；收缩；微观结构；养护
Key words：
Northwest region; Concrete; Mechanical property; Durability; Shrinkage; Microstructure; Curing
刊期：
2026年第8期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.24110603
文章编号：
基金项目：
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2022BEG02056）；甘肃省教育厅青年博士支持项目（2025QB-037）。
作者：
杨建波1，张利维2，丁小平2，王有佳1，罗国栋1，于本田1，*
单位：
1.兰州交通大学 土木工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；2.宁夏公路管理中心，宁夏 银川 750011
摘要
摘 要：干燥、大温差的西北地区特殊环境会严重影响混凝土建筑物的服役寿命。因此，开展西北地区混凝土耐久性能演变规律和损伤研究十分有必要。为真实反映服役环境，本文采用宏观、微观相结合的方法研究了高温低湿、大温差低湿环境对混凝土力学性能、早期收缩、微观结构、抗冻性能的影响。结果表明：相较于标准养护，高温低湿和大温差低湿养护混凝土的力学性能均有所降低，其中，大温差低湿养护混凝土的力学性能最低；随着养护时间的延长，混凝土的收缩值先增加后趋于稳定，标准养护混凝土的收缩值最小，大温差低湿养护混凝土的收缩值最大；随着养护时间的延长，混凝土的孔隙率降低，孔隙结构得到优化；标准养护混凝土受冻融循环损伤的影响最小，抗冻性能最优，高温低湿养护混凝土次之，大温差低湿养护混凝土抗冻性能最差。研究结果可为此类特殊环境下混凝土的耐久性能研究提供借鉴。
Abstract: The special environment characterized by dryness and large temperature fluctuations in northwestern China significantly affects the service life of concrete structures. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the evolution characteristics of concrete durability and damage under such conditions. To accurately reflect the service environment, this paper used a combined macro-scale and micro-scale analysis method to investigate the influence of high-temperature low-humidity and large-temperature-difference low-humidity environments on the mechanical properties, early shrinkage, microstructure, and frost resistance of concrete. The results show that compared to standard curing, the mechanical properties of concrete cured under high-temperature low-humidity and large-temperature-difference low-humidity conditions decrease. Among them, the mechanical properties of large temperature difference-low humidity curing concrete are the lowest. As the curing time increases, the shrinkage value of concrete first increases and then gradually stabilizes. The shrinkage value of standard curing concrete is the smallest, and the shrinkage value of large temperature difference-low humidity curing concrete is the largest. With the extension of curing time, the porosity of concrete decreases and the pore structure is optimized. Standard curing concrete exhibits the least damage from freeze-thaw cycles and the best frost resistance, followed by high-temperature low-humidity curing concrete. Concrete cured under large-temperature-difference low-humidity conditions demonstrates the poorest frost resistance. The findings provide valuable insights for durability research and engineering applications of concrete structures in harsh environments such as arid regions with extreme temperature fluctuations.
结论
（1）相较于标准养护，高温低湿和大温差低湿养护混凝土的力学性能均有所降低，其中，大温差低湿养护混凝土的力学性能最低。
（2）随着养护时间的延长，混凝土的收缩先增加后逐渐趋于稳定，标准养护混凝土的收缩值最小，而高温低湿和大温差低湿养护混凝土的收缩值明显增加，其中，大温差低湿养护混凝土的收缩值最大。
（3）随着养护时间的延长，混凝土的孔隙率降低，孔隙结构得到优化。其中，标准养护混凝土的孔隙结构最佳，虽然高温低湿养护混凝土的孔隙率大于大温差低湿养护混凝土，但大温差低湿养护混凝土中有害孔和多害孔占比较高。
（4）标准养护混凝土受冻融循环损伤的影响最小，抗冻性能最优，高温低湿养护混凝土次之，大温差低湿养护混凝土抗冻性能最差。
（5）在高温、大温差、低湿度环境条件下的混凝土由于内部水分损失速率较快，早期收缩较大，水泥水化程度不足，冻融循环过程会在混凝土内部产生静水压和渗透压，这些因素均会降低混凝土的耐久性能，增加混凝土建筑物损坏的风险。为此，在混凝土施工过程中，宜优先采用标准养护工艺，保证养护环境的温度、湿度稳定，减少温差波动对混凝土性能的不利影响。在高温、干燥、昼夜温差大的地区或季节施工时，需采取针对性的保湿、保温措施，如覆盖土工布、塑料薄膜进行保湿养护，搭设遮阳棚或保温棚降低环境温差，必要时可采用喷淋养护、蒸汽养护等方式，延缓混凝土内部水分流失，保证水泥充分水化。
参考文献
[1] 陈俊豪,李炎隆,周恒,等.低温低湿养护条件对混凝土微观结构影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2023,51(5):1202-1209.
[2] 黄煜镔,钱觉时.龄期和养护方式对高强混凝土力学性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2007(3):427-430.
[3] Wang Kun,Moon J,Du Hongjian,et al.Early-age shrinkage and hydration of concrete incorporating a mutually reinforcing systems of super absorbent polymers and MgO expansive agent under low humidity conditions[J].Construction and Building Materials,2024,417:135350.
[4] Chen Ditao,Liu Wenjiang,Huang Farong,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of relative humidity in arid region of Northwest China during 1966-2017[J].Journal of Arid Land,2020,12(3):397-412.
[5] 高琳,张登山,龙怀玉,等.气候、植被及土壤因素交互作用对宁夏土壤有机碳的影响机制[J].生态学报,2023,43(24):10081-10091.
[6] 郭佳诚,赵星莹,常青,等.宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区植被覆盖时空变化及其与气候因子的关系[J].济南大学学报(自然科学版),2024,38(4):383-390.
[7] 周忠学,李文龙,李自珍,等.沙坡头地区气候变化特征及其功能谱分析[J].中国沙漠,1999(2):44-49.
[8] 于本田,王起才,周立霞,等.干燥、昼夜大温差气候下混凝土保温保湿养护效果试验研究[J].硅酸盐学报,2012,31(6):1398-1402,1408.
[9] 张西玲,姚爱玲.矿渣掺量和细度对矿渣胶凝材料收缩性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2010,29(6):1338-1342.
[10] Mi Zhengxiang,Hu Yu,Li Qingbin,et al.Effect of curing humidity on the fracture properties of concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,169:403-413.
[11] 彭波.宁夏水泥混凝土路面裂缝成因及预防[J].科技信息,2009(10):628.
[12] Xia Guoping.A study on carbonization performance of concrete by freeze-thaw action in Ningxia[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,216(488-489):407-410.
[13] 马继树,杨淑雁.西北大温差环境下温度对硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2024,43(4):1388-1397.
[14] 杨淑雁,马钊,姚依超,等.宁夏大温湿差环境下混凝土抗压强度和微观特性的研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2018,17(2):149-153.
[15] 刘勇,王硕太,张景生,等.西北地区道面混凝土早期裂缝防治技术[J].混凝土,2009(4):108-109.
[16] 高鹏,陈阳,黄浩良,等.干燥环境下混凝土内部损伤的量化[J].硅酸盐学报,2021,49(2):312-322.
[17] 佘安明,水中和,王树和,等.干燥大温差条件下混凝土界面过渡区的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2008(4):485-488.
[18] 熊根亿,王怀义,杨桂权,等.干燥大温差环境下水泥胶凝材料开裂敏感性研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2025(2):103-111.
[19] 张维东,汪愿,宋鹏飞,等.高寒区混凝土多场耦合损伤劣化机制研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2024,43(7):2317-2334.
[20] Du Yang,Zang Yanwei,Li Xiaogang,et al.Assessing the influence of external curing on the early drying shrinkage of ultra-high-performance concrete[J].Journal of Building Engineering,2024,89:109292.
[21] 喻泽鑫,李秋义,苏敦磊,等.再生混凝土自生收缩和干燥收缩性能研究进展[J].混凝土,2022(2):6-9.
[22] Fu Haijiao,Wang Xiangzeng,Zhang Lixia,et al.Investigation of the factors that control the development of pore structure in lacustrine shale: a case study of Block X in the Ordos Basin, China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,26:1422-1432.
[23] Qin Lei,Zhai Cheng,Liu Shimin,et al.Changes in the petrophysical properties of coal subjected to liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw-A nuclear magnetic resonance investigation[J].Fuel,2017,194:102-114.
[24] 朱翔琛,张云升,刘志勇,等.基于核磁共振技术的硫酸盐冻融下机制骨料混凝土孔结构演变规律研究[J].复合材料学报,2024,41(10):5478-5491.
[25] 黄观送,苏丽,薛翠真,等.基于核磁共振技术的玄武岩-聚丙烯混杂纤维增强混凝土孔隙特征分析[J].复合材料学报,2025,42(2):1034-1048.
[26] 张国辉,李宗利,张林飞,等.干燥条件对混凝土强度影响试验研究[J].建筑材料学报,2015,18(5):840-846.
[27] 韩进生,李宗利,张国辉,等.不同强度等级混凝土等温干燥脱水规律[J].建筑材料学报,2018,21(6):963-968.
引用本文
杨建波,张利维,丁小平,等.西北地区特殊环境下混凝土性能演变规律试验研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(8):7-13. Yang Jianbo,Zhang Liwei,Ding Xiaoping,et al.Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of concrete properties under special environmental conditions in northwestern China[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(8):7-13 (in Chinese).
下一个： 超低温环境下SAP对水泥净浆孔隙结构和热学性能的影响研究
相关文件