预制构件混凝土用阴离子引气剂的表面活性、 泡沫稳定性及耐盐性能研究

Study on surface activity, foam stability and salt resistance of anionic air-entraining agents for precast concrete

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关键词:

预制构件混凝土;阴离子引气剂;分子动力学;表面活性;泡沫稳定性;耐盐性能

Key words:

Precast concrete; Air-entraining agent; Molecular dynamics; Surface activity; Foam stability; Salt resistance

刊期:

2026年第8期

DOI:

10.19761/j.1000-4637.25010021

文章编号:

基金项目:

贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般027)。

作者:

冉 霖1,王雪岚1,李 维1,洪 靖1,杨 科2,*

单位:

1.贵州建工集团第二建筑工程有限责任公司,贵州 贵阳 550000;2.贵州大学 土木工程学院, 贵州 贵阳 550000

摘要

摘   要:寒冷地区预制构件混凝土工程常通过掺加阴离子引气剂提升结构抗冻、抗渗耐久性能,但常规硫酸盐、磺酸盐类引气剂存在耐盐稳定性不足的问题,在水泥高钙盐环境中易失效,制约混凝土构件的服役性能。为厘清不同阴离子引气剂的性能差异与劣化机理,本文采用分子动力学模拟与室内试验相结合的方法,对比研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfonate,SLS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)的表面活性、泡沫稳定性与耐盐性能。结果表明:SDBS的表面活性、泡沫稳定性最优,亲水性最强,引气性能最好,但耐盐性能较差,适用于非盐碱、高抗冻要求的混凝土工程;SDS的耐盐性能最优,使用经济性优于SDBS,适配常规耐久需求的非盐碱混凝土工程;SLS的发泡掺量最低、经济性最优,但引气性能较差,适用于含气量要求较低的工程场景。研究成果可为不同类型预制构件混凝土工程的引气剂选型及混凝土性能优化提供参考。

Abstract: In cold-region precast memberconcrete engineering, anionic air-entraining agents are commonly incorporated to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance and impermeability durability of structures. However, conventional sulfate- and sulfonate-based air-entraining agents suffer from insufficient salt resistance stability and tend to lose effectiveness in the high-calcium-salt environment of cement, thereby compromising the service performance of concrete members. To clarify the performance differences and degradation mechanisms among various anionic air-entraining agents, this study employs a combined approach of molecular dynamics simulation and laboratory experiments to comparatively investigate the surface activity, foam stability, and salt resistance of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SLS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The results indicate that SDBS exhibits the best surface activity, foam stability, strongest hydrophilicity, and optimal air-entraining performance, but shows poor salt resistance, making it suitable for concrete engineering in non-saline-alkali environments with high freeze-thaw resistance requirements. SDS demonstrates the best salt resistance and superior cost-effectiveness compared to SDBS, making it appropriate for conventional durability-demanding concrete engineering in non-saline-alkali conditions. SLS has the lowest foaming dosage and the best economic efficiency, but its air-entraining performance is relatively poor, making it suitable for engineering scenarios with low air-content requirements. The findings can provide a reference for the selection of air-entraining agents and the optimization of concrete performance in different types of precast concrete engineering projects.

结论

(1)3种引气剂中,SDBS的表面张力、单个引气剂分子占有面积、泡沫高度经时损失最小,CMC、饱和吸附量和界面形成能绝对值最大,与水分子、Ca2+间的相互作用最强。SLS的表面张力、单个引气剂分子占有面积和泡沫高度经时损失最大,CMC、饱和吸附量和界面形成能绝对值最小,与水分子、Ca2+间的相互作用介于SDBS和SDS之间。
(2)3种引气剂中,SDBS的亲水性最好,表面活性最高,有利于形成能量稳定的气泡界面,且泡沫稳定性最优,说明其引气性能相对最好,但由于其耐盐性能较差,故SDBS更适用于非盐碱环境和对混凝土抗冻性能有较高要求的工程场景。
(3)SDS的表面活性、引气性能仅次于SDBS,但其与Ca2+间的相互作用在3种引气剂中最小,耐盐性能最好,加之SDS的CMC低于SDBS,故针对常规耐久、工作性需求的非盐碱混凝土工程,SDS 的经济性较SDBS更突出。
(4)SLS的CMC在3种引气剂中最小,实现发泡所需掺量最少,经济性最优,但由于其引气性能较差,故SLS更适合用于含气量指标要求较低的混凝土工程。
(5)本文研究结果表明,在实际工程应用时,应结合各类阴离子引气剂的自身特性合理选型,选取适配的引气剂产品,保障混凝土性能满足工程需求。

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引用本文

冉霖,王雪岚,李维,等.预制构件混凝土用阴离子引气剂的表面活性、泡沫稳定性及耐盐性能研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(8):58-63. Ran Lin,Wang Xuelan,Li Wei,et al.Study on surface activity, foam stability and salt resistance of anionic air-entraining agents for precast concrete[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(8):58-63 (in Chinese).


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