物理发泡矿渣-粉煤灰基地聚物地热井保温复合材料的制备及性能研究
Preparation and properties of physically foamed slag-fly ash-based geopolymer thermal insulation composites for geothermal wells
关键词：
地热井保温复合材料；泡沫混凝土；地质聚合物；导热系数；抗压强度
Key words：
Thermal insulation composite for geothermal well; Foamed concrete; Geopolymer; Thermal conductivity; Compressive strength
刊期：
2026年第8期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.24120668
文章编号：
基金项目：
四川省科技计划资助项目（2026NSFSC0247、2023NSFSC0781）；成都理工大学珠峰科学研究计划项目（80000-2020ZF11411）。
作者：
陈 瑶，谭慧静*，王馨浒，崔曦月，郑云天，王宇昊
单位：
成都理工大学 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室，四川 成都 610059
摘要
摘 要：为解决地热井保温固井井段热量流失及固井保障问题，结合泡沫混凝土多孔隔热特性与碱激发地聚物低碳、耐久等优势，本文采用物理发泡工艺制备了矿渣-粉煤灰基地聚物地热井保温复合材料，通过发泡量、泡沫半衰期等指标，筛选出最佳发泡体系，研究了不同碱激发剂模数（1.0、1.2、1.4）及养护温度（常温、150 ℃、200 ℃）对地热井保温复合材料密度、凝结时间、抗压强度、导热系数的影响，并与普通油井水泥及未发泡地质聚合物进行了对比。结果表明：以1.0%发泡剂AOS与0.50%羧甲基纤维素钠CMC-Na的发泡体系发泡效果最优，其发泡量可达800 mL，半衰期为1 355 s；在相同养护温度下，随着碱激发剂模数的增加，地热井保温复合材料的密度、导热系数变化相对较小，凝结时间延长，抗压强度增加；在相同碱激发剂模数下，随着养护温度的增加，地热井保温复合材料的抗压强度及导热系数均增加；相较于普通油井水泥，地热井保温复合材料的抗压强度虽有下降，但其导热性能显著降低，隔热保温优势突出。研究成果可为地热资源的长期安全高效开发及优质地热井保温复合材料的研发提供参考。
Abstract: To address heat loss and wellbore integrity issues during geothermal well cementing, this study combined the porous thermal insulation characteristics of foamed concrete with the low-carbon and durable advantages of alkali-activated geopolymers. A physically foamed slag-fly ash-based geopolymer thermal insulation composite for geothermal wells was prepared. Based on indicators such as foaming volume and foam half-life, the optimal foaming system was identified. The effects of alkali activator modulus (1.0, 1.2, 1.4) and curing temperature (ambient temperature, 150 ℃, 200 ℃) on the density, setting time, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation composites for geothermal well were investigated, and comparisons were made with ordinary oil well cement and unfoamed geopolymer. The results show that the foaming system consisting of 1.0% foaming agent AOS and 0.50% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) exhibits the best foaming performance, with a foaming volume of 800 mL and a half-life of 1 355 seconds. At the same curing temperature, increasing the alkali activator modulus leads to relatively small changes in density and thermal conductivity, while the setting time is prolonged and compressive strength increases. At the same alkali activator modulus, raising the curing temperature increases both compressive strength and thermal conductivity. Compared with ordinary oil well cement, the thermal insulation composites for geothermal wells shows a decrease in compressive strength, but its thermal conductivity is significantly reduced, demonstrating a clear advantage in thermal insulation. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the long-term safe and efficient development of geothermal resources and for the development of high-quality thermal insulation composites for geothermal wells.
结论
（1）发泡剂体系的发泡量随稳泡剂掺量的增加而减小，半衰期随稳泡剂掺量的增加而延长。本文优选出1.0%AOS+0.50%CMC-Na的发泡体系，其发泡量可达800 mL，半衰期为1 355 s。
（2）相同养护温度下，随着碱激发剂模数的增加，地热井保温复合材料密度、导热系数变化相对较小，凝结时间延长，抗压强度增加。相同碱激发剂模数下，随着养护温度的增加，地热井保温复合材料的抗压强度及导热系数增加。本文设计的地热井保温复合材料抗压强度明显低于普通油井水泥，导热系数明显低于未发泡地聚物。
（3）当前发泡体系相对单一，未来的研究可重点开展高性能发泡体系的设计，构建适应地热井下环境的稳定发泡体系。同时，在碱激发剂方面，建议在现有模数基础上，进一步设计多水平掺量梯度试验，深入探究掺量变化对材料抗压强度及导热系数的影响，为开发兼具优良力学性能与长效保温功能的地热井专用保温材料提供理论依据与技术路径。
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引用本文
陈瑶,谭慧静,王馨浒,等.物理发泡矿渣-粉煤灰基地聚物地热井保温复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(8):96-100. Chen Yao,Tan Huijing,Wang Xinhu,et al.Preparation and properties of physically foamed slag-fly ash-based geopolymer thermal insulation composites for geothermal wells[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(8):96-100 (in Chinese).
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