水灰比和增黏早强剂掺量对喷射混凝土工作性的影响

Influence of water-cement ratio and dosage of viscosity-increasing early strength agent on the workability of shotcrete

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关键词:

喷射混凝土;工作性;水灰比;增黏早强剂;可泵性;可喷性; 回弹率

Key words:

Influence of water-cement ratio and dosage of viscosity-increasing early strength agent on the workability of shotcrete

刊期:

2026年第9期

DOI:

10.19761/j.1000-4637.25060277

文章编号:

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重点项目(42330704);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41902282);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项目(BE2022605)。

作者:

王盛年1,谷雷雷2,李晓鹏1,吴志坚1

单位:

1.南京工业大学 交通运输工程学院,江苏 南京 211816;2.中交一公局集团有限公司,北京 100024

摘要

摘   要:喷射混凝土被广泛用于隧道、边坡等支护工程,其工作性直接关系施工质量,水灰比与功能性外加剂掺量对喷射混凝土工作性影响显著。本文研究了水灰比(0.42、0.43、0.44、0.45)及自主研发的增黏早强剂掺量(0、5.0、7.5、10.0 kg/m3)对喷射混凝土工作性的影响。结果表明:当水灰比一定时,随着增黏早强剂掺量的增加,喷射混凝土的坍落度、扩展度、含气量降低,单次喷射厚度先增后降,回弹率则先降后增;当增黏早强剂掺量一定时,随着水灰比的增加,喷射混凝土的坍落度、扩展度、含气量增加,但单次喷射厚度先增后降,回弹率先降后增;总体上,水灰比对喷射混凝土扩展度的影响大于增黏早强剂掺量,但增黏早强剂掺量对喷射混凝土含气量、回弹率和单次喷射厚度的影响大于水灰比;建议喷射混凝土的水灰比取0.43~0.44,增黏早强剂掺量为5.0~7.5 kg/m3。研究成果可为喷射混凝土的配合比设计和工程应用提供参考。

Abstract: Shotcrete is extensively employed in tunnel and slope support works, where its workability critically governs construction quality. Both the water-cement ratio and the dosage of functional admixtures exert a profound influence on the workability of shotcrete. This study investigated the effects of water-cement ratio (0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45) and a self-developed viscosity-increasing early strength agent dosage (0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 kg/m3) on the workability of shotcrete. The results show that at a constant water-cement ratio, slump, slump-flow, and air content of shotcrete gradually decrease with increasing dosage of the viscosity-increasing early strength agent, while the single-pass spraying thickness first increases and then decreases, and the rebound rate first decreases and then increases. At a constant dosage of the viscosity-increasing early strength agent, slump, slump-flow, and air content increase with rising water-cement ratio, whereas the single-pass spraying thickness still exhibits a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing, and the rebound rate similarly first drops and then rises. Overall, the water-cement ratio has a greater influence on the slump-flow of shotcrete than the dosage of the viscosity-increasing early strength agent. However, the dosage of the viscosity-increasing early strength agent exerts a stronger effect on air content, rebound rate, and single-pass spraying thickness than the water-cement ratio. A water-cement ratio of 0.43~0.44 and a viscosity-increasing early strength agent dosage of 5.0~7.5 kg/m3 are recommended. The findings provide a valuable reference for mix design and engineering application of shotcrete.

结论

(1)当水灰比一定时,喷射混凝土的坍落度和扩展度、含气量随增黏早强剂掺量的增加而降低;当增黏早强剂掺量一定时,喷射混凝土的坍落度和扩展度、含气量随水灰比的增加而增加。在满足喷射混凝土可泵性的前提下,降低水灰比会导致喷射混凝土坍落度、扩展度降低,但过高水灰比又会使喷射混凝土发生离析,可泵性能丧失,本文建议最佳水灰比取0.43~0.44。
(2)当增黏早强剂掺量一定时,随着水灰比的增加,喷射混凝土的单次喷射厚度先增后降,回弹率先降后增;当水灰比一定时,随着增黏早强剂掺量的增加,喷射混凝土的单次喷射厚度先增后降,回弹率先降后增。增黏早强剂的掺入会影响喷射混凝土的可泵性,但有助于提高可喷性,本文建议增黏早强剂掺量控制在5.0~7.5 kg/m3之间。
(3)水灰比对喷射混凝土扩展度的影响大于增黏早强剂掺量,但增黏早强剂掺量对喷射混凝土含气量、回弹率和单次喷射厚度的影响大于水灰比。
(4)本文仅探究固定区间内水灰比与增黏早强剂掺量对喷射混凝土工作性的影响,后续可开展更多维度研究:一方面,可引入微观测试手段,从水泥水化产物、孔结构演变角度揭示水灰比与增黏早强剂协同调控流动度、含气量及喷射回弹的内在机理;另一方面,可结合现场复杂工况,开展不同温湿度、围岩条件下的中试试验,验证该推荐配比工程适用性,为高性能喷射混凝土配比设计与现场施工应用提供更全面的理论支撑。

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引用本文

王盛年,谷雷雷,李晓鹏,等.水灰比和增黏早强剂掺量对喷射混凝土工作性的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):13-17,26. Wang Shengnian,Gu Leilei,Li Xiaopeng,et al.Influence of water-cement ratio and dosage of viscosity-increasing early strength agent on the workability of shotcrete[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):13-17,26 (in Chinese).


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