冻融损伤下大坝混凝土的疲劳寿命预测与可靠度分析

Fatigue life prediction and reliability analysis of dam concrete under freeze-thaw damage

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关键词:

大坝混凝土;冻融损伤;疲劳寿命;Weibull分布;可靠度分析;安全系数

Key words:

Dam concrete; Freeze-thaw damage; Fatigue life; Weibull distribution; Reliability analysis; Safety factor

刊期:

2026年第9期

DOI:

10.19761/j.1000-4637.25070324

文章编号:

基金项目:

安徽省引江济淮集团有限公司委托项目(Hj425012)。

作者:

胡义文1,徐凌一2,*,丁 玲3

单位:

1.安徽省引江济淮集团有限公司,安徽 合肥 230601;2.南京水利科学研究院,江苏 南京 210000; 3.南京市六合区水务局,江苏 南京 211500

摘要

摘   要:针对严寒地区大坝混凝土在冻融循环与疲劳荷载耦合作用下的性能劣化问题,本文通过冻融循环试验与四点弯拉疲劳试验,结合Weibull分布与可靠性理论,系统研究了冻融损伤对混凝土疲劳寿命的影响规律,得到了不同冻融循环次数(0~250次)和不同应力水平(0.75、0.80、0.85)下的性能指标值,并进行了可靠度分析。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,混凝土的质量损失率增大,相对动弹性模量与静态弯拉强度显著降低;冻融损伤混凝土的疲劳寿命服从两参数Weibull分布,其形状参数和标度参数均随着冻融循环次数的增加而下降,表明混凝土的疲劳寿命离散性增大,冻融损伤会加速寿命衰减;基于可靠度理论建立的冻融损伤混凝土的可靠性概率、应力水平与设计疲劳寿命关系图,量化了安全系数与冻融循环次数的关系;冻融循环250次后,可靠性概率为95%对应的安全系数需提高至3.7~3.8。研究成果弥补了传统模型的局限性,可为寒区大坝混凝土结构的抗疲劳设计提供基于概率统计的理论依据。

Abstract: Aiming at the performance degradation of dam concrete in severe cold regions under the coupled action of freeze-thaw cycles and fatigue loading, this study systematically investigates the influence of freeze-thaw damage on the fatigue life of concrete through freeze-thaw cycle tests and four-point bending fatigue tests, combined with the Weibull distribution and reliability theory. Performance indicators are obtained under different freeze-thaw cycles (0~250 cycles) and different stress levels (0.75, 0.80, 0.85), and reliability analysis is conducted. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of concrete increases, while the relative dynamic elastic modulus and static flexural-tensile strength decrease significantly. The fatigue life of freeze-thaw damaged concrete follows a two-parameter Weibull distribution, and both its shape parameter and scale parameter decrease with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, indicating greater dispersion in fatigue life and that freeze-thaw damage accelerates life degradation. Based on reliability theory, the relationship diagram among reliability probability, stress level, and design fatigue life of freeze-thaw damaged concrete is established, which quantifies the relationship between safety factor and freeze-thaw cycles. After 250 freeze-thaw cycles, the safety factor corresponding to a reliability probability of 95% needs to be increased to 3.7~3.8. The findings compensate for the limitations of traditional models, and provide a probability-statistics-based theoretical basis for the anti-fatigue design of dam concrete structures in cold regions.

结论

(1)冻融循环作用会诱发混凝土的力学性能呈现阶段性劣化特征。250次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失率达0.850%,相对动弹性模量衰减至86.5%,静态弯拉强度下降61.55%。值得注意的是,冻融循环150次是损伤演化的临界阈值,超过该阈值后,混凝土内的微裂纹网络会贯通形成连通损伤路径,导致质量损失、动弹性模量衰减及强度损失加大,混凝土进入损伤失稳扩展阶段,这一特征为寒区大坝混凝土结构的耐久性能设计提供了关键预警节点。
(2)通过 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 拟合优度检验证实,冻融损伤混凝土在不同应力水平下的疲劳寿命概率分布符合两参数Weibull分布。随着冻融循环次数的增加,疲劳寿命离散性显著增大,即冻融损伤显著改变了疲劳寿命的分布特性,形状参数a和标度参数u均显著下降。 
(3)基于可靠度理论构建的Pf-S-Np关系图表明,冻融损伤与应力水平对疲劳寿命存在协同劣化效应。当冻融循环次数达250次时,0.85应力水平下满足95%可靠度要求的设计疲劳寿命较未冻融时降低了68.3%,且应力水平提升引发的寿命衰减率最高达97.8%。
 (4)为补偿损伤累积导致的可靠度损失,安全系数K需随冻融循环次数的增加而提升,尤其当冻融循环次数大于150次后,需大幅提升安全系数K;冻融循环250次时,大致采用3.7~3.8的安全系数方可保障95%的可靠性水平。
(5)本文研究内容有效弥补了传统确定性模型在冻融-疲劳耦合作用场景下的局限性,为寒区大坝混凝土结构的抗疲劳设计提供了可量化、可验证的理论依据。

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引用本文

胡义文,徐凌一,丁玲.冻融损伤下大坝混凝土的疲劳寿命预测与可靠度分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):34-39. Hu Yiwen,Xu Lingyi,Ding Ling.Fatigue life prediction and reliability analysis of dam concrete under freeze-thaw damage[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):34-39 (in Chinese).


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