稻草纤维和HPMC掺量对3D打印混凝土 可打印性和流变性能的影响
Effects of rice straw fiber and HPMC contents on the printability and rheological properties of 3D-printing concrete
关键词：
3D打印；水泥基复合材料；稻草纤维；流变性能；可打印性
Key words：
3D printing; Cement-based composite; Rice straw fiber; Rheological property; Printability
刊期：
2026年第9期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25060274
文章编号：
基金项目：
北京市自然科学基金项目（2172021）。
作者：
姜德民1，胡思雨1，康红龙1，杨永峰2，陆春宇2
单位：
1.北方工业大学 土木工程学院，北京100041；2.北京金隅砂浆新材料科技有限公司，北京 101299
摘要
摘 要：针对普通3D打印混凝土抗拉强度较低、易开裂以及现有增强纤维成本高、环保性差等问题，本文以天然稻草纤维（Rice straw fibers，RSFs）为增强材料，并掺入羟丙基甲基纤维素醚（Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose，HPMC），制备了3D打印稻草纤维增强水泥基复合材料（3D-printing rice straw fiber-reinforced cement-based composite，3DPRSFCC），研究了RSFs和HPMC的掺量对3DPRSFCC可打印性与流变性能的影响。结果表明：随着RSFs和HPMC掺量的增加，3DPRSFCC的流动度降低，最佳流动度区间为181~191 mm；适量掺入RSFs和HPMC可以显著提升3DPRSFCC打印条带的质量和打印层数，最佳掺量分别为3.5%和0.08%；掺入RSFs和HPMC能增强3DPRSFCC的流变性能。研究成果可为3DPRSFCC的配合比设计及性能优化提供参考，并助力绿色低碳 3D 打印技术在建筑工程领域的创新应用。
Abstract: To address the problems of low tensile strength and susceptibility to cracking in ordinary 3D-printing concrete, as well as the high cost and poor environmental friendliness of existing reinforcing fibers, this study utilizes natural rice straw fibers (RSFs) as a reinforcing material and incorporates hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) to prepare a 3D-printing rice straw fiber-reinforced cement-based composite (3DPRSFCC). The effects of RSFs and HPMC contents on the printability and rheological properties of 3DPRSFCC were investigated. The results show that with increasing the contents of RSFs and HPMC, the flowability of 3DPRSFCC decreases, with the optimal flowability range being 181~191 mm. Appropriate amounts of RSFs and HPMC can significantly improve the quality of printed strips and the number of printable layers, with optimal contents of 3.5% and 0.08%, respectively. The incorporation of RSFs and HPMC enhances the rheological properties of 3DPRSFCC. The findings can provide a reference for the mix proportion design and performance optimization of 3DPRSFCC, and contribute to the innovative application of green and low-carbon 3D printing technology in the field of construction engineering.
结论
（1）3DPRSFCC的流动度随着RSFs和HPMC掺量的增加而降低，结合可挤出性试验结果可得3DPRSFCC的良好流动度区间为181~191 mm。
（2）掺入适量的RSFs和HPMC能够有效提高3DPRSFCC打印条带的稳定性和表观质量，但其掺量过大会导致浆体过于黏稠，难以挤出。综合考虑，当RSFs掺量为3.5%、HPMC掺量为0.06%~0.10%时，挤出条带的稳定性和表观质量较好。
（3）掺入适量的RSFs和HPMC能够有效提高3DPRSFCC的打印层数，当RSFs掺量为3.5%、HPMC掺量为0.08%时打印层数最高，为15层。
（4）RSFs的表面粗糙和高吸水特性能够增强3DPRSFCC的各项流变参数，HPMC作为一种具有良好水溶性、成膜性和稳定性的外加剂，也对3DPRSFCC整体流变参数起增强作用。
（5）综合考虑3DPRSFCC的流动性、可挤出性、可建造性和流变性能，本试验选定RSFs和HPMC的最优掺量分别为3.5%和0.08%。
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引用本文
姜德民,胡思雨,康红龙,等.稻草纤维和HPMC掺量对3D打印混凝土可打印性和流变性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):45-51. Jiang Demin,Hu Siyu,Kang Honglong,et al.Effects of rice straw fiber and HPMC contents on the printability and rheological properties of 3D-printing concrete[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):45-51 (in Chinese).
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