矿渣掺量调控工程地质聚合物复合材料的微观结构与氯离子传输规律
Microstructure and chloride ion transport behavior of engineering geopolymer composites regulated by slag content
关键词：
工程地质聚合物（EGC）；矿渣掺量；聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维；力学性能；应变硬化；孔结构；毛细吸水；氯离子侵蚀
Key words：
Engineering geopolymer composite (EGC); Slag content; Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber; Mechanical property; Strain hardening; Pore structure; Capillary water absorption; Chloride ion erosion
刊期：
2026年第9期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25090425
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金项目（52478259、51878365）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2017MEE040）。
作者：
沈 良1，刘建东1，姜其波1，孙浩然2，郭伟力2，万小梅2，*
单位：
1.威海建设集团股份有限公司，山东 威海 264200；2.青岛理工大学 土木工程学院，山东 青岛266520
摘要
摘 要：工程地质聚合物复合材料（Engineering geopolymer composites，EGC）具备低碳环保、力学性能良好等优势，在土木工程严苛环境中应用前景广阔，但矿渣-粉煤灰复配体系下微观结构、纤维界面特性与宏观性能之间的协同机制尚不明确。为探明矿渣掺量对EGC力学行为、孔结构及耐久性能的调控规律，本文设置了0、20%、50%、100%四组矿渣掺量梯度，系统开展了EGC力学性能、毛细吸水、氯盐浸泡试验与孔结构测试。结果表明：随着矿渣掺量的增加，EGC各龄期抗折、抗压强度持续提升，极限拉伸强度、极限拉伸应变呈先升后降趋势；无矿渣体系水化产物以N-A-S-H凝胶为主，纤维-基体界面黏结薄弱，试件无明显应变硬化特征，适量矿渣（20%~50%）可优化界面性能、发挥纤维滑移增韧效应，EGC应变硬化行为显著，过高矿渣掺量（100%）则因界面黏结过强拉断纤维，弱化了应变硬化效果；适当增大矿渣掺量可细化基体孔隙，提升微孔占比，降低大、中孔占比，有效切断水分与氯离子渗透通道，降低毛细吸水系数、表面氯离子浓度与表观氯离子扩散系数；综合强度、延性与耐久性能，该复配体系下矿渣最优掺量为50%，此掺量下多类凝胶协同作用，实现EGC力学与耐久性能协同优化。研究成果可为废渣基高延性地质聚合物复合材料的配合比设计与工程应用提供参考。
Abstract: Engineering geopolymer composites (EGC) are renowned for their low-carbon footprint and superior mechanical performance, making them highly promising for civil engineering applications under harsh service conditions. However, the synergistic mechanisms among microstructure, fiber-matrix interfacial behavior, and macroscopic performance of slag-fly ash blended EGC remain poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of slag content on the mechanical response, pore microstructure, and durability of EGC. Four slag content gradients (0, 20%, 50%, and 100%) were adopted, and systematic experiments were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties, capillary water absorption, chloride ion penetration resistance, and pore structural characteristics. The results indicate that increasing slag content continuously enhances the flexural and compressive strengths of EGC at all ages, whereas the ultimate tensile strength and strain first increase and then decrease. Slag-free mixtures predominantly form N-A-S-H gels, which create weak fiber-matrix interfaces and eliminate typical strain-hardening behavior. Moderate slag incorporation (20%~50%) effectively optimizes interfacial bonding and activates fiber slip toughening, yielding pronounced strain-hardening performance. Full slag substitution (100%) leads to excessive fiber-matrix interfacial bonding, which causes fiber fracture and weakens the strain-hardening performance of EGC. Increasing slag content refines the pore structure by increasing micropore fractions and reducing meso-and macropore proportions. Such pore refinement effectively inhibits water and chloride ion transport, thereby decreasing the capillary absorption coefficient, surface chloride ion concentration, and apparent chloride ion diffusion coefficient. Based on the combined evaluation of strength, ductility, and durability, the optimal slag content is 50%. At this content, the coexistence of multiple gel phases synergistically improves the overall mechanical properties and durability of EGC. This work provides a reliable basis for the mixture design and practical engineering application of high-ductility geopolymer composites fabricated from industrial solid wastes.
结论
（1）矿渣掺量通过调控水化产物类型与界面性能，改善了EGC力学性能与应变硬化行为。随着矿渣掺量的增加，EGC各龄期抗折、抗压强度持续提高，EGC极限拉伸强度、极限拉伸应变均先增后降。无矿渣体系水化产物以N-A-S-H凝胶为主，纤维-基体界面黏结薄弱，试件力学性能偏低，无明显应变硬化特征；适量矿渣（20%~50%）可提高C-S-H、C-A-S-H凝胶占比，在致密基体的同时强化纤维界面黏结，试件力学性能较高，且表现出稳定的应变硬化性能；全矿渣体系（100%）以C-S-H凝胶为主，试件力学性能高，但过强的界面黏结易拉断纤维，导致EGC应变硬化效应衰减。
（2）适当增大矿渣掺量可有效优化EGC孔径分布，改善其耐久性能。随着矿渣掺量的增加，EGC试件内部微孔（0~10 nm）占比提高。孔隙结构的细化使整体抗渗性能与抗氯离子渗透性能得到明显改善。
（3）综合各项性能，矿渣最佳掺量为50%。在该掺量下，体系中C-S-H、C-A-S-H与N-A-S-H凝胶形成良好协同作用，既可适度强化纤维-基体界面黏结、保障优异的应变硬化能力与拉伸延性，又可有效细化基体孔隙结构、抑制氯离子迁移渗透，使EGC实现强度、延性与耐久性能的综合平衡。
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引用本文
沈良,刘建东,姜其波,等.矿渣掺量调控工程地质聚合物复合材料的微观结构与氯离子传输规律[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):73-78,87. Shen Liang,Liu Jiandong,Jiang Qibo,et al.Microstructure and chloride ion transport behavior of engineering geopolymer composites regulated by slag content[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):73-78,87 (in Chinese).
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