粉煤灰悬浊液预浸泡改性铁尾矿砂自密实砂浆：温轮胶掺入时机与PVA纤维掺量协同调控研究
Self-compacting mortar with iron tailing sand modified by pre-soaking in fly ash suspension: Synergistic regulation of welan gum addition time and PVA fiber content
关键词：
铁尾矿砂；自密实砂浆；粉煤灰悬浊液；PVA纤维悬浊液；浸泡预处理；温轮胶；工作性；力学性能
Key words：
Iron tailing sand; Self-compacting mortar; Fly ash suspension; PVA fiber suspension; Soaking pretreatment; Welan gum; Workability; Mechanical property
刊期：
2026年第9期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25060304
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52179123）；辽宁省教育厅重点科技攻关资助项目（LJKZZ20220025）；中铁建设集团有限公司科技研发计划资助项目（23-22b）。
作者：
张晓刚1，刘 枫1，盛国华2，*，金生吉2
单位：
1.中铁建设集团有限公司，北京100040；2.沈阳工业大学 建筑与土木工程学院，辽宁 沈阳 110870
摘要
摘 要：铁尾矿砂存在颗粒形貌不规则、表面粗糙的特点，直接制备自密实砂浆易引发工作性劣化、力学性能不足等工程问题。为解决上述铁尾矿砂自密实砂浆的性能缺陷问题，本文以铁尾矿砂掺量（20%、40%、60%）、粉煤灰掺配方式（直接干混、悬浊液预处理浸泡）与掺量（5%、10%、15%）、温轮胶掺入时机（减水剂掺入前、后）、PVA纤维掺量（0.2%、0.4%、0.6%）为变量，系统开展了自密实砂浆工作性与力学性能试验，探究了多组分耦合作用规律，并建立了流动参数定量预测模型。结果表明，提升铁尾矿砂掺量会降低砂浆流动性、增强黏聚性，同时可在一定程度上提升砂浆28 d力学性能、改善材料脆性；相较于干混工艺，粉煤灰悬浊液预浸泡铁尾矿砂可有效优化砂浆流动性与28 d力学性能，但随着粉煤灰掺量的增加，砂浆流动性提升、黏聚性下降，28 d力学性能逐步衰减、材料脆性增大；温轮胶掺入会增大砂浆黏聚性、降低流动性，且掺入时机对砂浆性能影响显著，后于减水剂掺入更利于提升砂浆28 d力学性能；随着PVA纤维掺量的增加，砂浆流动性持续下降，28 d力学性能呈先升后降趋势；砂浆28 d力学性能随扩展度、V漏斗时间变化呈先升后降趋势，抗折强度对工作性参数波动更敏感；工程应用中需规避扩展度大于255 mm、V漏斗时间小于8 s的不利参数区间，以此兼顾砂浆工作性与力学性能。研究成果可为铁尾矿砂的资源化利用及铁尾矿砂自密实砂浆性能优化提供参考。
Abstract: Iron tailing sand exhibits irregular particle shapes and coarse surface textures, which easily leads to poor workability and inadequate mechanical properties when directly used to prepare self-compacting mortar. To overcome the above performance deficiencies of iron-tailings sand self-compacting mortar, this study systematically conducted workability and mechanical property tests on self-compacting mortar, taking the following factors as variables: iron tailing sand content (20%, 40%, 60%), fly ash incorporation method (dry-blending and suspension pre-treatment) and content (5%, 10%, 15%), welan gum addition time (before and after superplasticizer addition) as well as PVA fiber content (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%). The coupling effect mechanism of multiple components was investigated, and a quantitative prediction model for flow parameters was established. The results show that increasing the content of iron tailing sand reduces the fluidity of the mortar and enhances its cohesiveness, while also improving the 28-day mechanical properties to some extent and mitigating matrix brittleness. Compared with dry-blending protocol, pre-soaking iron tailing sand via fly ash suspension can effectively optimize the fluidity and 28-day mechanical properties of the mortar. However, increasing the fly ash content leads to improved fluidity and reduced cohesiveness, gradual degradation of 28-day and amplified brittleness. The addition of welan gum increases the cohesiveness of the mortar while reducing its fluidity. Furthermore, the addition time of welan gum exerts a remarkable influence on overall performance. Introducing welan gum after superplasticizer proves more beneficial to 28-day mechanical properties development. As the PVA fiber content increases, the fluidity of the mortar decreases continuously, whereas its 28-day mechanical properties follow a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. The 28-day mechanical properties of the mortar exhibit a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with variations in slump flow and V-funnel time, with flexural strength demonstrating greater susceptibility to fluctuations in workability indicators. For practical engineering applications, parameter ranges featuring slump flow over 255 mm and V-funnel time shorter than 8 s should be avoided to strike a balanced trade-off between workability and mechanical properties. The research findings can serve as a reference for the resource utilization of iron tailing sand and the optimization of the performance of self-compacting mortars with iron tailing sand.
结论
（1）铁尾矿砂掺量提升会降低自密实砂浆流动性、提升黏聚性；相较于粉煤灰干混工艺，粉煤灰悬浊液预浸泡铁尾矿砂有效提升砂浆的流动性，且随粉煤灰掺量增加，砂浆扩展度增大、黏聚性降低；温轮胶的掺入会提升砂浆黏聚性、降低流动性，且先于减水剂掺入效果更明显；PVA纤维掺量增加会持续降低砂浆流动性、增大浆体黏度。自密实砂浆V漏斗时间Tv与扩展度值d呈二次非线性相关关系，建立的拟合方程可实现2项流动参数的相互定量预测。
（2）增大铁尾矿砂掺量可在一定程度上提升自密实砂浆3 d、28 d抗折与抗压强度；相较于粉煤灰干混工艺，粉煤灰悬浊液预处理浸泡可小幅提升砂浆3 d、28 d抗折与抗压强度，但随着粉煤灰掺量的增加，3 d、28 d抗折与抗压强度逐步衰减，且抗折强度劣化幅度大于抗压强度；温轮胶掺入会降低砂浆3 d抗折与抗压强度，在减水剂之后掺入能在一定程度上提升砂浆28 d力学性能，而先于减水剂掺入对28 d力学性能的提升效果有限甚至会起削弱作用；随着PVA纤维掺量的增加，砂浆3 d、28 d抗折与抗压强度均先升后降，且PVA纤维对抗折强度的增韧提升效果优于抗压强度。
（3）自密实砂浆压折比介于4.99～6.29，整体抗压性能良好但脆性偏大。铁尾矿砂掺量提升可小幅降低砂浆压折比，改善材料脆性；粉煤灰悬浊液预处理浸泡及提高粉煤灰掺量均会提升压折比，增大材料脆性；温轮胶的掺入时机对砂浆压折比影响显著，先于减水剂掺入会提高压折比，后于减水剂掺入则会降低压折比；提高PVA纤维掺量，砂浆的压折比先降后增。
（4）自密实砂浆28 d力学性能受工作性参数影响明显，随扩展度增大和V漏斗时间延长均呈先升后降的变化规律。其中，砂浆抗折强度对工作性波动更敏感，扩展度过大、V漏斗时间过短会明显降低其抗折强度，而抗压强度受工作性变化的影响相对较小。在工程应用中，应规避自密实砂浆扩展度大于255 mm、V漏斗时间小于8 s的参数区间，在保障自密实砂浆工作性的同时，兼顾力学性能，实现综合性能最优匹配。
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引用本文
张晓刚,刘枫,盛国华,等.粉煤灰悬浊液预浸泡改性铁尾矿砂自密实砂浆：温轮胶掺入时机与PVA纤维掺量协同调控研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):79-87. Zhang Xiaogang,Liu Feng,Sheng Guohua,et al.Self-compacting mortar with iron tailing sand modified by pre-soaking in fly ash suspension: Synergistic regulation of welan gum addition time and PVA fiber content[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):79-87 (in Chinese).
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