碱渣内养护材料性能及其在多类型混凝土中的适配性研究
Study on properties of soda residue internal curing materials and their adaptability in various types of concrete
关键词：
碱渣；内养护；水洗改性；正交试验；普通混凝土（NC）；高性能混凝土（HPC）；超高性能混凝土（UHPC）；吸释水性能
Key words：
Soda residue; Internal curing; Water washing modification; Orthogonal test; Normal concrete (NC); High-performance concrete (HPC); Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC); Water absorption and release performance
刊期：
2026年第9期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.26010036
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金项目（52508268）；河北省自然科学基金项目（E2024209134）；河北省高等学校科学研究项目（BJ2025165）。
作者：
赵凯月，王 瑶，陈建伟，徐 莹，文 艳，韩流涛*
单位：
华北理工大学 建筑工程学院，河北 唐山 063210
摘要
摘 要：针对现有碱渣内养护技术相关研究多局限于单一混凝土体系，对材料制备工艺参数缺乏系统性优化，且碱渣内养护材料在不同水胶比混凝土中的适配机制与最优掺量尚不明确的问题，本文结合水洗改性、机械粉磨与粉煤灰复配工艺制备了碱渣内养护材料，系统探究了水固比、粉磨时间、碱渣-粉煤灰复配比例对材料胶凝活性、流动性及吸释水性能的影响，明确了最佳制备工艺参数；并通过正交试验研究了矿物掺合料比例、碱渣掺量、附加水比例对普通混凝土（Normal concrete，NC）、高性能混凝土（High-performance concrete，HPC）、超高性能混凝土（Ultra-high-performance concrete，UHPC）工作性与抗压强度的影响规律，揭示了碱渣内养护材料在不同类型混凝土中的适配机理。结果表明：碱渣内养护材料的最佳制备工艺参数为水固比8∶1、碱渣-粉煤灰复配比例2∶1、粉磨时间2 min，此时碱渣内养护材料具备良好的胶凝活性与持续稳定的释水能力；NC的最佳配合比组合为30%矿物掺合料、6%碱渣内养护材料、无附加水，HPC的最佳配合比组合为40%矿物掺合料、6%碱渣内养护材料、无附加水，UHPC的最佳配合比组合为30%矿物掺合料、2%碱渣内养护材料、无附加水。研究成果可为碱渣固废高值资源化利用及多类型混凝土性能优化提供参考。
Abstract: Existing studies on soda residue-based internal curing technology are mostly limited to a single concrete system. Systematic optimization of material preparation parameters remains insufficient, and the adaptation mechanism and optimal dosage of soda residue internal curing materials in concrete with varied water-to-binder ratios have not been clarified. This study prepared soda residue internal curing materials by adopting water-washing modification, mechanical grinding and fly ash compounding treatment. The effects of water-to-solid ratio, grinding duration and soda residue-to-fly ash mixing ratio on the cementitious activity, fluidity, as well as water absorption and release performance of the materials were systematically investigated, and the optimal preparation parameters were determined. Furthermore, orthogonal experiments were conducted to explore the influences of mineral admixture proportion, soda residue dosage and additional water ratio on the workability and compressive strength of normal concrete (NC), high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), thereby revealing the adaptation mechanism of soda residue internal curing materials in different types of concrete. The results show that the optimal preparation parameters are a water-to-solid ratio of 8∶1, a soda residue-to-fly ash mixing ratio of 2∶1, and a grinding duration of 2 min. Under these conditions, the soda residue internal curing materials exhibit good cementitious activity and a sustained, stable water-release capacity. The optimal mix design for NC consists of 30% mineral admixtures, 6% soda residue internal curing material and without additional water. For HPC, the optimal mix includes 40% mineral admixtures, 6% soda residue internal curing material and without additional water. For UHPC, the optimal mix comprises 30% mineral admixtures, 2% soda residue internal curing material and without additional water. The findings provide reference for high-value resource utilization of soda residue solid waste and performance optimization of different types of concrete.
结论
（1）水洗处理可疏通碱渣多级孔隙，8∶1水固比组碱渣内养护材料的吸水率、持续释水性能显著优于原状碱渣与10∶1水固比组；碱渣-粉煤灰复配比例2∶1时可构建均衡钙硅铝反应体系，促进C-S-H、C-A-S-H凝胶生成，相较3∶1复配比例，胶凝活性、砂浆流动度、吸释水能力明显提升；最优粉磨时间为2 min。综合强度活性指数、砂浆流动度、吸释水性能，确定碱渣基内养护材料最优制备工艺为水固比8∶1、碱渣-粉煤灰复配比例2∶1、粉磨时间2 min。
（2）各因素对NC坍落度影响程度的高低顺序为C＞B＞A，对扩展度影响程度的高低顺序为B＞A＞C，最优工作性配合比组合为A2B3C2；各因素对HPC工作性的影响程度的高低顺序为A＞C＞B，最优工作性配合比组合为A3B1C3；各因素对UHPC工作性影响程度的高低顺序为B＞C＞A，最优工作性配合比组合为A1B1C3。
（3）各因素对NC 28 d抗压强度影响程度的高低顺序为A＞B＞C，最优抗压强度配合比组合为A1B2C1；各因素对HPC 28 d抗压强度的高低顺序为C＞A＞B，最优抗压强度配合比组合为A1B1C1；各因素对UHPC 28 d抗压强度的高低顺序为A＞C＞B，最优抗压强度配合比组合为A3B3C1。
（4）综合工作性与抗压强度双重指标，确定三类混凝土最优配合比组合，均不含附加水：NC为30%矿物掺合料、6%碱渣内养护材料；HPC为40%矿物掺合料、6%碱渣内养护材料；UHPC为30%矿物掺合料、2%碱渣内养护材料。
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引用本文
赵凯月,王瑶,陈建伟,等.碱渣内养护材料性能及其在多类型混凝土中的适配性研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):88-95. Zhao Kaiyue,Wang Yao,Chen Jianwei,et al.Study on properties of soda residue internal curing materials and their adaptability in various types of concrete[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):88-95 (in Chinese).
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