淡水壳菜生物污损对水工混凝土的侵蚀机理及防治技术研究进展
Research progress on erosion mechanism and prevention and control technologies of Limnoperna fortunei biofouling on hydraulic concrete
关键词:
淡水壳菜;水工混凝土;生物污损;侵蚀;耦合效应;性能劣化;防治技术
Key words:
Limnoperna fortunei; Hydraulic concrete; Biofouling; Erosion; Coupling effect; Performance degradation;Prevention and control technology
刊期:
2026年第9期
DOI:
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25040213
文章编号:
基金项目:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3212400);安徽省(水利部淮河水利委员会)水利科学研究院自主研发计划项目(KY202301);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085US11)。
作者:
刘长顺1,2,3,4,张笑天2,甘保柱2,朱田生1,3,姚 亮1,3
单位:
1.安徽省(水利部淮河水利委员会)水利科学研究院,安徽 蚌埠 233000;2.安徽省建筑工程质量 监督检测站有限公司,安徽 蚌埠233000;3.水利部巢湖及淮河流域河湖复苏技术创新中心, 合肥 230088;4.固镇县永固建设工程质量检测有限公司,安徽 蚌埠233700
摘要
摘 要:淡水壳菜的大规模附着与繁殖对水工混凝土的安全运行构成安全性威胁,其生物污损已成为水利工程耐久性能领域的新兴挑战。本文介绍了淡水壳菜的生物特性(强适应性、高繁殖力及高附着强度),分析了其侵蚀混凝土的机理(物理磨损、化学溶解与生物膜耦合协同作用),基于现有防治淡水壳菜的三种方式(涂覆物理涂层、添加化学药剂、引入天然捕食者与竞争者的生物防治)提出了未来防治淡水壳菜的技术路线,如研发绿色靶向材料、构建智能监测体系、推动标准化建设。综述成果可为水工混凝土结构的生物污损防控设计、施工养护及运维管理提供参考。
Abstract: The massive attachment and reproduction of Limnoperna fortunei pose a threat to the safe operation of hydraulic concrete structures, and its biofouling has become an emerging challenge in the field of durability of hydraulic engineering. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of Limnoperna fortunei (strong adaptability, high fecundity and high adhesion strength), and analyzes its concrete erosion mechanisms (coupled synergistic effects of physical abrasion, chemical dissolution and biofilms). Based on the three existing control approaches against Limnoperna fortunei, namely applying physical coating, adding chemical agents, and implementing biological control by introducing natural predators and competitors, this paper proposes future technical routes for its prevention and control, including the development of green targeted materials, establishment of an intelligent monitoring system, and promotion of standardization. The review findings can provide references for the biofouling prevention design, construction maintenance and operation and management of hydraulic concrete structures.
结论
(1)淡水壳菜作为具有较强适应性和繁殖力的入侵物种,适宜在15~30 ℃、流速平缓的富营养淡水环境生存,繁殖扩散能力强,浮游幼虫易在水工混凝土表面分泌足丝密集附着生长,其大量附着会显著增大混凝土表面粗糙度,增加输水阻力,足丝嵌入混凝土中加剧表层结构疏松与裂缝扩展,其代谢及腐解产物产生酸性物质,会溶蚀水泥、加速混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀,大幅提升水利工程的运维成本,严重缩短水工混凝土构筑物的服役寿命。
(2)淡水壳菜对水工混凝土的侵蚀具有物理-化学-生物膜三重耦合机制,即生物膜营造腐蚀微环境、化学溶蚀劣化混凝土基体、物理附着挤压扩展裂缝,三者相互促进、协同叠加,加速了水工混凝土结构老化与性能的衰减。
(3)基于现有防治淡水壳菜的三种方式(涂覆物理涂层、添加化学药剂、引入天然捕食者与竞争者的生物防治)提出了未来防治淡水壳菜的技术路线:①研发绿色靶向材料;②构建智能监测体系;③推动标准化建设。
(4)本文综述成果可为南水北调、抽水蓄能电站等国家水网工程提供技术储备。
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引用本文
刘长顺,张笑天,甘保柱,等.淡水壳菜生物污损对水工混凝土的侵蚀机理及防治技术研究进展[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(9):165-170. Liu Changshun,Zhang Xiaotian,Gan Baozhu,et al.Research progress on erosion mechanism and prevention and control technologies of Limnoperna fortunei biofouling on hydraulic concrete[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(9):165-170 (in Chinese).
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