摘  要：将聚醚三元醇MN-500、EP-330N、MOCA、水发泡剂、匀泡剂、开孔剂、氧化铝耐磨填料、复合催化剂按比例搅拌均匀后，再与异氰酸酯预聚物混合反应制备了不同硬度和密度的微孔聚氨酯材料。分别研究了硬段含量、水发泡剂对聚氨酯材料密度、硬度和力学性能的影响。结果表明，聚氨酯的拉伸强度和硬度随着硬段含量的增加而逐步增大，断裂伸长率则是逐渐下降。随着水发泡剂用量的提升，材料的拉伸强度从4.1 MPa降至1.7 MPa，断裂伸长率从425%降至326%。发泡剂用量为0.10%时，其内部孔径为0.2～0.5 mm。表层经过激光微孔化处理后得到三维微孔聚氨酯材料，具有良好的透水汽性，以此作为模板衬模浇筑出来的混凝土表面致密、光洁平整、均匀，很大程度上减少了蜂窝麻面、砂线和裂纹。

Abstract: Microporous polyurethane materials with different hardness and density were prepared by mixing polyether MN-500, EP-330N, MOCA, water foaming agent, homogenizer, porous agent, wear-resistant filler of alumina, composite catalyst and isocyanate prepolymer in proportion. The effects of hard segment content and water foaming agent on the density, hardness and mechanical properties of polyurethane materials were studied. The results shows that the tensile strength and hardness of polyurethane gradually increase with the increase of hard segment content, while the elongation at break decreases. With the increase of the amount of water foaming agent, the tensile strength of the material decreases from 4.1 MPa to 1.7 MPa, and the elongation at break decreases from 425% to 326%. When the dosage of foaming agent is 0.10%, the inner cell diameter is 0.2～0.5 mm. Three-dimensional microporous polyurethane material is obtained after laser microporous treatment, which has good water vapor permeability. The surface of concrete poured with this material as template lining is compact, smooth and uniform, which greatly reduces honeycomb linen, sand line and cracks.