摘  要：采用硬脂酸钙和一种实验室自制的外加剂作为稳泡剂，通过双氧水化学发泡方法，制备了火山灰泡沫混凝土（VAFC）。研究了两种稳泡剂单掺和复掺对VAFC成型状态、干密度、抗压强度、吸水率、导热系数和孔结构的影响。试验结果表明，硬质酸钙可以作为稳泡剂改善孔结构提高抗压强度，同时也具有很好的憎水效果，显著降低吸水率；而使用自制稳泡剂时，对VAFC抗压强度会产生负面影响，对吸水率改善效果一般。VAFC的孔结构影响材料的保温性能，相近干密度情况下，气孔孔径越小，连通孔越少，导热系数越低；使用自制稳泡剂制备的VAFC，孔径在0.5~1 mm之间，气孔呈球状，连通孔很少，导热系数较低；而使用硬脂酸钙时，孔径在1~2 mm之间，部分气孔呈不规则状，且存在少量连通孔，导热系数相对较高。硬脂酸钙和自制稳泡剂复合使用，可以达到协同增效的作用，使VAFC在力学性能和保温性能两个方面均达到较为理想的水平。
Volcanic ash foam concrete is prepared by hydrogen peroxide chemical foaming method using calcium stearate and an admixture produced in laboratory as foam stabilizer. The effects of two admixtures on forming state, dry density, compressive strength, water absorption rate, thermal conductivity and pore structure of VAFC are researched. The results show that taking as foam stabilizer, calcium stearate can not only improve the pore structure and compressive strength, but also have the hydrophobic effect which decreases the absorption ratio significantly. But the compressive strength of VAFC decreases and the hydrophobic effect is not that well when using self-made foam stabilizer. The pore structure of VAFC affects the thermal insulation performance. Under the condition of similar dry density, small pore size and few connecting holes in concrete results in low thermal conductivity. The pore size is at the range of 0.5~1 mm, the shape of the pores are circular, the connecting holes are few and the thermal conductivity is low when using the self-made foam stabilizer. In the otherwise, the pore size is at the range of 1~2 mm, the shape of the pores are irregular, the thermal conductivity are few and the heat conductivity coefficient is high when using calcium stearate. The combination of calcium stearate and self-made foam stabilizer can achieve synergistic effect, which makes the mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties of VAFC reach an ideal level.