摘   要：研究了不同减水剂对水泥浆体初期水化热、电性能、化学收缩的影响，结合采用XRD，分析了木钙、萘系、聚羧酸减水剂对水泥水化的作用机理。结果表明，减水剂的加入能抑制C₃A、C₃S、C₂S水化，阻碍矿物最初相的析出及减少水化产物CH晶体的生成，从而减缓浆体结构的发展、降低水化放热、减小化学收缩。与萘系、木钙相比，分子结构中含有的羟基（-OH）、羧基（-COO-）、磺酸基（-SO₃-）、聚乙氧基（-OCH₂CH₂-）等官能团的聚羧酸减水剂更易抑制水泥初期水化，减缓和延迟水化放热、延缓结构形成、降低化学收缩。

Abstract: Through researching on the hydrational heat, the electrical-properties and the chamical shrinkage of hydrated cement at early age, additionally by using of XRD, the mechanism of influences of different types of waterreducers on the cement hydration is discussed. The rezults show that, the waterreducers are able to restrain the hydration of C₃A、C₂S and C₃S, to hinder the initial crystallization of produced mineral and to reduce the formation of CH crystal, so that the development of paste structure is delayed, the hydrational beat is decreased and the chamical shrinkage is reduced. Compared with the waterreducers of calcium lignosulfonate and naphthanlene, the poly carboxylate can more easy to restrain the initial hydration, to slow down the hydrational heat and to delay the formation of strcture, becaues of there are many functional groups whthin its molecules, such as hydroxy(-OH), carboxyl(-COO-), sulfonic(-SO₃-), polyethytene(-OCH₂CH₂-), etc.