摘  要：基于流体渗流原理，利用弹性力学理论,对以水压力为主要驱动力的孔隙初期渗水进行了力学计算分析，把孔隙形状假定为圆柱形孔隙，考虑渗水对孔隙内部空气压缩的影响，推导出了渗水深度计算公式。依据此理论计算方法，对影响渗透深度的孔隙半径、长度、渗水时间、温度、外界压力等参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，渗水深度随水压力的增大逐渐趋于稳定，当水压超过混凝土抗渗规范规定的1.2MPa后，渗水深度变化不明显，基本可以忽略；水的温度对渗水深度影响不明显，这与规范基本吻合。孔隙半径决定渗水速率，孔隙长度决定总的渗水深度；随着渗水时间的推移，渗水深度逐渐增大，并最终趋于稳定，且孔径越小，达到稳定所需要的时间越长。

Abstract：Based on the fluid percolation principle and the elastic mechanics theory, the mechanical calculation of pore initial seepage under the water pressure as the main power is carried out. The pore configuration assumes as cylindrical, considering the influence of seepage for the air compressed in the pore, the calculation formula of seepage depth is derived. According to the theoretic calculation method, the sensitivity analysis is performed to study the parameters such as pore radius, length, time, temperature and ambient pressure which affect the seepage depth. The results show that the seepage depth is gradually stabilized with the increase of water pressure. When the water pressure more than 1.2MPa which is the resistance permeability specification provided, the seepage depth change is not obvious and can be ignored. The effect of water temperature is not obvious for seepage depth, it basically agrees well with the standard. The seepage rate is determined by the pore radius, the total seepage depth determines the pore length. With the passage of the seepage time, seepage depth increases gradually and finally tends to be stable, the smaller the pore diameter, the longer the time required to achieving stability.