摘   要：为了探究不同农作物秸秆对水泥基材料的性能影响，分别利用小麦、玉米、水稻三种常见农作物秸秆与水泥制备秸秆纤维-水泥复合材料，并从预处理方式、纤维掺量、纤维长度等方面考察三种复合材料的物理力学性能。试验结果表明：三种预处理方式中，热碱处理后秸秆中的半纤维素含量大量减少，明显减弱秸秆对水泥缓凝时间的影响；复合材料力学强度随着秸秆掺量的提高先增加后减小，并在掺量为2%时达到最佳力学强度，纤维长度的增加对力学强度不利；复合材料的干密度和吸水率在不同纤维掺量、长度条件下均呈反比；经预处理后，三种秸秆纤维-水泥复合材料物理力学性能均得到提高，三种秸秆作为水泥添加材料的优选顺序为：小麦＞玉米＞水稻。

Abstract: In order to explore the influence of different crop straw on properties of cement-based materials, straw fiber-cement composite materials are prepared by three kinds of crop straw (wheat, corn, rice) and cement, physical and mechanical properties of three kinds of composite materials are studied by pretreatment method, fiber dosage and fiber length. The results show that, the content of hemicellulose in straw is decreased after thermal alkaline treatment, and the influence of straw on the setting time of cement is obviously decreased, mechanical strength of composite material is increased first and then decreased with the increase of straw dosage, the best mechanical strength is achieved when straw dosage is 2%, the increase of fiber length is detrimental to mechanical strength; the dry density and water absorption of composite material is inversely proportional to different fiber dosage and length. After the pretreatment, the physical and mechanical properties of the three kinds of straw fiber-cement composite materials are improved, and the optimal order of three kinds of straw as the cement adding material is the wheat, corn and rice.