水泥制品中重金属元素的溶出特性与环境安全评估
Leaching Characteristic of Heavy Metals from Cement Product and Environmental Safety Evaluation
关键词:
重金属;水泥制品;养护因素;溶出性能;工业废渣
Key words:
Heavy metal; Cement product; Curing factor; Leaching; Industrial waste
刊期:
2016年第7期
DOI:
文章编号:
1000-4637(2016)07-38-05
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金(51109122);湖北省教育厅科学研究计划项目(D20141204)。
作者:
袁晓露1,周世华2
单位:
1. 三峡大学土木与建筑学院,宜昌 443002;2. 长江科学院,武汉 430010
摘要
摘 要:采用三种工业废渣,配制水泥净浆试件,试验研究了标准养护和自然养护条件下,水泥制品中重金属元素在3d、7d和28d的溶出性能,并采用重金属元素的可溶出量指标评价了水泥制品的环境安全性。结果表明,水泥制品造成土壤重金属污染的风险较小;粉煤灰水泥制品和矿渣水泥制品在自然水环境下是安全的;炉渣水泥制品可能会造成水环境的Cr、Zn污染。各重金属元素溶出率的排列次序为:Zn>Cr>Cu>Cd>As≈Pb。随养护龄期的延长,重金属元素的溶出率减小。与标准养护相比,自然养护条件下水泥制品中重金属元素的溶出率增大。
Abstract: Three kinds of industrial wastes were used to make the cement paste specimens. Leaching of heavy metals from the cement products exposed to the standard curing and the natural curing was experimentally researched at curing ages of 3d, 7d and 28d. The leaching index of heavy metals was applied to assess the environmental safety of cement products. The results show that the cement products may not cause the heavy metals pollution to soils. Fly ash cement products and slag cement products are safe for the water environment; while the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash cement products may cause the Cr and Zn pollution to the water environment. The leaching ratios of heavy metals are Zn>Cr>Cu>Cd>As≈Pb. The leaching ratios of heavy metals decrease with the curing age. Compared with the standard curing, heavy metals have larger leaching ratios from the cement products exposed to the natural curing.
结论
(1)采用重金属元素的可溶出量来评价水泥制品的环境安全性,对比GB 15618—1995中三级土壤质量要求,水泥制品在自然正常服役过程中,造成土壤重金属污染的风险较小。依据GB 3838—2002中V类地表水的相关技术要求,粉煤灰水泥制品和矿渣水泥制品在正常自然条件下是安全的,炉渣水泥制品可能会造成水环境的Cr、Zn污染。
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