3D打印混凝土构件早期水分传输与力学性能分析
Analysis of early moisture transfer and mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete components
关键词：
3D打印混凝土；相对湿度；抗压强度；劈裂抗拉强度；孔隙分布；微观结构；缺陷
Key words：
3D printed concrete; Relative humidity; Compressive strength; Splitting tensile strength; Pore distribution; Microstructure; Defect
刊期：
2026年第5期
DOI：
2026年第5期
文章编号：
基金项目：
国家科技部重点研发计划项目（2022YFB2602604）。
作者：
元 强1，2，3，吕慧丰1，王德辉1，彭建伟4
单位：
1.福州大学 土木工程学院，福建 福州 350108；2.中南大学 土木工程学院，湖南 长沙410075； 3.高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心，湖南 长沙 410075；4.中铁四局安徽中铁工程材料科技 有限公司，安徽 合肥 230041
摘要
摘 要：通过湿度监测、力学性能测试、压汞测试与X射线断层扫描分析，研究了3D打印混凝土不同高度处的相对湿度对力学性能、微观结构的影响。结果表明：构件内部沿竖直方向的相对湿度从中间向上下两端逐渐增加；靠近上下两端处试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度较低，而中间处试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度较高；与中间处样品相比，靠近上下两端处样品的总孔隙率较高，大孔占比较多，内部存在明显缺陷。
Abstract: The influence of relative humidity at different heights on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D printed concrete was studied through humidity monitoring, mechanical properties testing, mercury intrusion testing, and X-ray tomography analysis. The results indicate that the relative humidity inside the component increases gradually from the middle to the upper and lower ends along the vertical direction. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimens near the upper and lower ends are lower, while the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimens in the middle are higher. Compared with the sample in the middle, the sample near the upper and lower ends has a higher total porosity, with a larger proportion of large pores and obvious internal defects.
结论
（1）3D打印混凝土构件内部沿竖直方向的相对湿度从中间向上下两端逐渐增加。
（2）靠近上下两端处的3D打印混凝土试件抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度较低，而中间处的试件抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度较高。
（3）与中间处3D打印混凝土样品相比，靠近上下两端处的样品总孔隙率较高，大孔占比较多，内部存在明显缺陷。
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引用本文
元强,吕慧丰,王德辉,等.3D打印混凝土构件早期水分传输与力学性能分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(5):17-21,32. YUAN Q,LYU H F,WANG D H,et al.Analysis of early moisture transfer and mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete components[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(5):17-21,32 (in Chinese).
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