干硬性混凝土智能振捣技术的应用研究进展
Research progress on the application of intelligent vibration technology for dry concrete
关键词：
混凝土振捣；干硬性混凝土；材料特性；工程应用特点；振捣参数；振捣密实度；智能振捣技术
Key words：
Concrete vibration; Dry concrete; Material property; Engineering application characteristic; Vibration parameter; Degree of vibratory compaction; Intelligent vibration technology
刊期：
2026年第5期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25110497
文章编号：
基金项目：
上海市科委项目（23QB1401500）；上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会科研项目（沪建科2023-002-006）。
作者：
江 昊1，张 德1，*，满 立2，卢青兵1，苏金俊1，孔军营2
单位：
1.上海公路桥梁（集团）有限公司，上海 200433； 2.上海机场（集团）有限公司，上海 201207
摘要
摘 要：干硬性混凝土主要用于水利、机场道面及公路工程中，对振捣质量要求较高，但传统振捣工艺依赖人工经验，存在主观性与滞后性，难以保证振捣质量，易引发结构缺陷。因此，一系列以悉知、分析和控制为主的混凝土智能化振捣技术应运而生。本文首先阐述了干硬性混凝土的材料特性与工程应用特点，并分析了其振捣机理；随后，在调研与梳理混凝土振捣密实度表征指标的基础上，系统分析了智能化监控技术与机器人自动化系统在混凝土振捣智能化中的应用现状；最后；总结了干硬性混凝土智能振捣研究中出现的问题，并展望了智能振捣技术的未来发展方向。综述成果可为干硬性混凝土振捣技术的智能化发展提供借鉴。
Abstract: Dry concrete is mainly used in water conservancy projects, airport pavements, and highway engineering, and has high requirements for vibration quality. However, traditional vibration technology relies on manual experience, leading to subjectivity and lag. It is difficult to ensure vibration quality, which is prone to causing structural defects. Therefore, a series of intelligent vibration technologies for concrete, focusing on perception, analysis and control, have emerged. First, this paper expounds the material properties and engineering application characteristics of dry concrete and analyzes its vibration mechanism. Then, on the basis of investigating and sorting out the characterization indicators of concrete compaction degree, the application status of intelligent monitoring technology and robotic automation systems in the intelligent vibration of concrete is systematically analyzed. Finally, the existing problems in research on the intelligent vibration of dry concrete are summarized, and the future development direction of intelligent vibration technology is prospected. The review results can provide a reference for the intelligent development of dry concrete vibration technology.
结论
（1）干硬性混凝土因具有高屈服应力、低流动性的特征，对振捣时间、振捣频率、振幅等工艺参数较为敏感。传统振捣工艺依赖人工经验，存在主观性与滞后性，缺乏量化依据与实时反馈，易导致欠振、过振等质量问题，难以满足现代工程对混凝土施工质量的高标准要求。
（2）引入GNSS和UWB定位、IMU惯性导航、机器视觉、电流传感等多源感知技术，可实现混凝土振捣过程的数字化监控。利用支持向量机、随机森林等机器学习算法，特别是CNN、RNN等深度学习模型，可实现对振捣状态、轨迹与质量的智能识别与预测。
（3）通过集成工业机器人、BIM与云端协同控制技术，可有效解决复杂工况下混凝土振捣作业的精度、效率与安全性难题，充分彰显了智能技术在提升工程质量、降低人工成本与作业风险方面的应用潜力与价值。
（4）现有混凝土智能振捣技术仍存在感知鲁棒性低、标注数据需求量大等挑战，未来研究可聚焦新型多源检测传感技术、小样本学习算法、多机器人协同作业平台，推动建立统一的设计施工标准与评价体系，以推动干硬性混凝土智能振捣技术的大规模应用。
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