3D打印水泥基材料流变性能影响因素的研究进展
Abstract: With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, higher requirements have been put forward for the performance of printing materials. As one of the key indicators determining the printability (extrudability and buildability) of cement based
关键词：
3D打印水泥基材料；可打印性；可挤出性；可建造性；流变性能；骨料；矿物掺合料；纤维；外加剂
Key words：
Cement based materials for 3D printing; Printability; Extrudability; Buildability; Rheological property; Aggregate; Mineral admixture; Fiber; Admixture
刊期：
2026年第5期
DOI：
10.19761/j.1000-4637.25070321
文章编号：
基金项目：
作者：
夏瑞杰1，段星泽1，李 伟1，刘 举1，马旺坤2，王学振1
单位：
1.中德新亚建筑材料有限公司，河南 郑州 450100；2.建筑材料工业技术情报研究所，北京 100024
摘要
摘 要：3D打印技术的快速发展对打印材料性能提出了更高要求，流变性能作为决定水泥基材料可打印性（可挤出性、可建造性）的关键指标之一，其调控机制一直是研究热点。本文系统综述了3D打印水泥基材料流变性能的核心要求，分析了骨料、矿物掺合料、纤维、外加剂对其流变性能的调控规律，指出了当前研究存在的不足，并对未来流变性能调控的研究方向进行了展望。该综述研究可为3D打印水泥基材料流变性能的优化设计提供理论参考与实践指导，助力水泥基材料3D打印技术的高质量发展。
Abstract: With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, higher requirements have been put forward for the performance of printing materials. As one of the key indicators determining the printability (extrudability and buildability) of cement based materials, the mechanisms governing rheological properties have long been a research hotspot. This paper systematically reviews the core requirements for the rheological properties of cement based materials for 3D printing, analyzes the regulation laws of aggregates, mineral admixtures, fibers and admixtures on their rheological properties, points out the deficiencies in current research, and prospects the future research directions for the regulation of rheological properties. This review can provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the optimal design of rheological properties of cement based materials for 3D printing, and support the high-quality development of 3D printing technology with cement based materials.
结论
（1）3D打印水泥基材料的流变性能是决定其打印性的核心，主要取决于屈服应力、触变性和塑性黏度三大关键参数，需同时满足可挤出性与可建造性的平衡，这也是区别于普通水泥基材料流变性能调控的核心要点。
（2）骨料、矿物掺合料、纤维、化学外加剂四大组分，共同调控3D打印水泥基材料的流变性能：骨料需控制粒径≤4.75 mm，优先采用连续级配并合理调控骨胶比；矿物掺合料可通过优化颗粒级配、降低黏度等改善流变性能，且复掺效果优于单掺；纤维能提升可建造性但会劣化可挤出性，需控制掺量、长度等参数；外加剂可精准调控流变参数，不同类型、掺量的外加剂作用差异显著，是平衡可挤出性与可建造性的关键。
（3）目前3D打印水泥基材料流变性能研究仍存在诸多不足：①固废骨料改性技术不成熟，难以解决其多孔吸水导致的流变性能波动问题，适配3D打印工艺的专属流变调控策略匮乏，未形成系统的改性、调控方案；②矿物掺合料研究多聚焦单一或两种掺合料效果，未形成与其他组分协同调控的系统理论，难以实现多组分性能协同；③纤维研究侧重种类、掺量和长度，对长径比、取向分布等关键参数及作用机制探究不足，无法充分发挥其增强可建造性的作用；④外加剂研究以单一或两种复合为主，缺乏多组分协同及分阶段适配3D打印各施工阶段的调控方案，难以满足复杂工艺需求。此外，各类影响因素的协同作用机制研究较为零散，尚未构建起多组分协同调控理论，难以有效指导实际工程应用。未来需有针对性地弥补上述不足，深入研究固废骨料改性、矿物掺合料协同机制、纤维关键参数及多组分外加剂分阶段适配技术，结合试验测试与数值模拟方法，构建完善的多组分协同调控理论体系，为3D打印水泥基材料配方优化、工艺改进提供坚实理论支撑，推动水泥基材料3D打印技术向高质量、规模化方向稳步发展。
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引用本文
夏瑞杰,段星泽,李伟,等.3D打印水泥基材料流变性能影响因素的研究进展[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2026,53(5):33-40,46. XIA R J,DUAN X Z,LI W,et al.Research progress on influencing factors of rheological properties of cement based materials for 3D printing [J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2026,53(5):33-40,46 (in Chinese).
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